Define Project

pic exit 1 correct attend What is a retch? A roam is the defined set of broadcastned and curbd activities carried pop tabu for a period of prison term with a defined start and stopping point date. A start is designed to award a set of products or services as agreed with the run into clients and stakeholders. It has a lifecycle which is the process by which the dispatch is undertaken. Five features that differentiate swans from ordinary head for the hills atomic number 18 that they have defined scramning and end dates have a unique purpose with specific objectives that seemly the client goals and requirements within specified caliber and performance criteria part resources, such as money, cadence, people and equipment that have been all in allocated to the leap out usually follow a planned and anatomical structured progression to meet their objectives have a primary snitch or stakeholder who decl atomic number 18 oneselfs explosive charge and funding. Projects can be simple and easily handled by one person or large and building complex honks requiring many resources and the specialised skills of a dedicated cast off manager and team. What is experience precaution? Project worry is about striving to meet specific time, equal, quality and resource objectives.At the same time it must alleviate the entire process so as to meet the quests and expectations of all people affected by fancy activities. Project attention is about making compound through the use of techniques, tools and resources that manage change throughout the life of the discombobulate. Project management involves the tolerate manager and team applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to brook activities to achieve the requirements of the project. It is a continuous process utilising planning, organising, monitoring and controlling in all aspects of the project to achieve external and midland objectives.It excessively encompasses the closure and evaluation of the project. Managing a project acknowledges ? identifying the requirements of the project ? establishing clear and achievable objectives ? balancing demands for quality, scope, time and cost ? adapting the specifications, plans and approach to meet the different concerns and expectations of the stakeholders ? closing and evaluating the project Below is an overview of the aspects of a project that contend to be determined and developed. What to determine What this involves Project scope attain and plan the objectives, desired outcomes, limitations and budget. Time declivity Determine the time within which the project is to be completedinvolves planning, estimating, scheduling and controlling. A schedule for the life of the project is developed. cost Determine the costs associated with successful projection expiration. This involves cost estimation and forecasting, cost budgeting, cost control and cost applications. A budget is developed. Quality process es, systems and outcomes Construct a quality management plan. Human resources Human resources be necessitate for project tasks, eg for organising resources, managing staff performance and leading the project team, etc.A human resource management plan is developed. Communications processes Ensure all parties with an raise in the project atomic number 18 kept up-to-date throughout the life of the project. A communication theory plan is constructed. Risks and any uncertainty with processes Risks fate to be determine, analysed, evaluated, treated, monitored and or performance reviewed.A risk management plan is constructed. Goods, services or support Identify what matures, services and support ar necessitateed and determine who depart be the best person (or people) to provide these. It also involves developing effective interpersonal relationships and finalising any contracts or thoughts. The procurement needs for the project will need to be outlined. ev ery(prenominal) the elements outlined above will need to be integrated with each different in line with the process and procedures of the brass instrument. This involves acknowledging and considering how the different functions within the project inter match as surface as how the project interrelates with the organisation. The project lifecycle What is a projects lifecycle or the process by which it is undertaken? The phases in a project lifecycle ar chassis 1 Initiation and archetype variety 2 Planning and development Phase 3 Implementation and execution Phase 4 Finalisation and review. The Initiation and Concept Phase In the installing phase of a project, the hobby needs to go Write a description of the project concept/background Identify stakeholders Identify project objectives Define the scope of work to be carried out associate to the development of the broad strategy which identifies preliminary agreed phases, milestones and deliverables Identify constra ints and as substanceptions learn the preliminary budget Develop the preliminary risks judgment Develop the broad quality plan Develop a broad communications plan. Work come out Learning Activity Find out about the range in the types of projects that argon managed by your organisation (or one with which you are familiar). How do they vary in size and complexity as advantageously as in their aims and objectives? Talk to your mentor or colleagues with project management experience about their projects (current or completed). Begin with general questions such as What do they see as the characteristics of a project? How was the project initiated? The project manager With responsibilities spanning the entire lifecycle of the project from its planning, implementation, monitoring and control through to its closing and evaluation the project manager is key to the success of the project. The project manager must have the ability to build relationships with all key stakeholder s, including management, clients, suppliers as well as team members build and lead an effective team this will include motivating team members (eg by reinforcing to each person that they play an serious role and by organism optimistic and enthusiastic) manage interpersonal relationships problem-solve and make decisions negotiate with new(prenominal)wises to meet their needs as well as those of the project empathise with clients develop a vision for the project that can be sell to the team and key stakeholders exercise a high degree of professionalism communicate with all stakeholders provide reports as required. Workplace Learning Activity If you are already manifold in backing up a project in your workplace, clarify the following What is the role of the project manager? If you are non the project manager, what is your role within the project? Here is some other suggestion for workplace learning Interview a project manager to convalesce out what their role was within a recently-completed project.Ask them about the characteristics of a safe project manager skills and knowledge they call for in bless to function as an effective project manager. Define project stakeholders Knowing who the stakeholders are is critical to any project. Stakeholders are idiosyncratics or organisations who have an interest in, or involvement with, the project. Stakeholders have an impact on or are affected by the project. To pick up support for a project, the stakeholders must be identified as early as likely in a project lifecycle.Project team responsibilities As the project manager, you need to clearly identify the limits of each project team members tariff. Questions to ask include What is the overall responsibility of the project manager? What is the responsibility of individual project team members? How will changes to project specifications, deliverables, scheduling, resource usage, and other aspects of the project be managed? Who is obligat ed for each of these? Each team member should have clearly defined responsibilities to ensure that they understand what they areand are notallowed to do.Otherwise one person may go off and approve changes that have not been authorised and cause the project to go in the wrong direction, go over budget, or ultimately fail. Project reporting requirements When you are developing or reviewing the scope of a project, make sure to include reporting guidelines, such as when to report to the project sponsor, stakeholders and project team. (It should be on a steady arse. ) Thither are a few different ways to meet reporting requirements you may need to use several of these methods together hold project team meetings where each team member reports on the jump on of the project hold a sponsor or stakeholder meetings where you report on the progress of the project provide written reports send email reports use the reporting facilities in any project management software you may be using. R eporting requirements for a project are put in place to ensure that all those regard are kept up-to-date with the projects progress. They also provide the opportunity to report any changes or unforeseen events. This means that such things can be ascertain quicklybefore they get out of hand.The important thing is that everyone involved has a clear understanding of their reporting requirements, and that these requirements are met. Workplace Learning Activity If you are already involved in setting up a project in your workplace, wait notes on the process of functional with stakeholders. To get you started with your notes, here are some questions that you could address Who are the stakeholders? What are the issues that need to be clarified with stakeholders? What are the benefits of involving stakeholders? What are the rights and obligations of stakeholders? If you are a project manager (or managing part of the project), what are your obligations to stakeholders? Access projec t scope and other pertinent information Before commencing a project, thither is a need for you to get a true understanding of the exact objectives of the project and the scope of work required to be do in order to achieve each objective. The following will need to be understood Why is the project being undertaken? Are there limitations that may restrict the way the project is carried out? Exactly what is expected to done (or achieved)? What is not expected to be done? Will adequate resources be purchasable? Where and when will resources be needed? What is the cost of the project? Is the client (or organisation) comfortable with the suggested strategy for spending the project money? The project manager will also need an agreement about the support that will be granted to the project. Prepare the project scope definition and scope roll The project manager may be asked to prepare the scope definition and scope document or be given one to follow.The project manager is usuall y involved in developing the scope. The scope should be as specific as possible and tell all stakeholders exactly what is to be achieved on completion of the project. Scope document checklist The following should always be included in a scope document Background overview of project Objectives to be achieved i. . both primary and secondary objectives Scope definition as stated above the scope should be as specific as possible and tell all stakeholders exactly what is to be achieved on completion of the project Broad strategy for achievement of projects phases Constraints around which project is to work Exclusions showing what work is not to be done Assumptions and questions to be answered Related projects that may have an effect on your project or projects that may be affected by your project Preliminary budget Preliminary risk assessment Broad plans for communication and quality (may also be included). A scope document shows the scope, or extent, of a project.L ets look at the key sections and an example of a project scope document. pic The things you will find in a project scope document Key sections of a scope document dent Details Scope statement or definition This clearly states the project goal, objectives and deliverables. If it is not specified in the scope statement then it is outside the scope of the project and is not relevant.Project tasks should only address work that is relevant to the project goal and objectives. Project constraints These are any limiting factors that prevent the project from pitiful in a particular path. Examples include You have dependent tasks that impact on specific areas of the project, for example, tasks that cannot begin unless another one has started. You have a deadline that cannot be changed. The implementation work for a system advertize can only be done on the weekend, when staff are not at work. Assumptions These are aspects that the project manager builds into the scope doc ument to allow for any uncertainties that may occur. Examples of assumptions include Fifteen recent personal computers need to be purchased for the project. altogether staff need yearly training in OHS. All resources for the project will be sourced from outside of the company. Tasks list You need to specify a list of tasks (and deliverables) to be achieved during the project. They are all the activities that need to take place to bring the project to completion.The deliverables include all the documentation, reports, contracts and products that need to be produced and signed-off on by those in authority. Estimates (cost, time and You need to make initial estimates in relation to cost, time and human resource human resources) requirements. These identify the boundaries of the project to enable you to balloon into the more dilate estimates that are needed to develop the full project plan. Contract statement This will include the name calling of those authorised t o initiate contract work, sign contracts and completion acceptances. It also includes any contractual limitations and penalty statements for possible contract variations. (Variations and penalties apply equally to the client and providers. ) The following is an example of a scope document, in this deterrent example for a project to install animal hatch bins in local parks. Sample scope document Project Scope Project Information (Please complete all) Project Sponsor Project Name give chase Smith Animal litter bins full general Manager Sponsoring Department/Client Directive from Council Meeting lay & Gardens Project Leader Arens Sirkel Scope the project The project will encompass the installing of animal litter bins and bag dispensers in all council parks. The bins and bags are to be purchased from Animal Litter Limited after recommendations from neighbouring councils.The project is to be completed within six weeks at an all up cost not surpassing $24 ,000. Description of the project (What is the vision? What will the finished product look like? ) The animal litter bins will be installed in prominent locations in each park, while also being bordering to entrances to allow efficient removal of waste by our waste management contractor. Identify the strategic objectives which relate to this project To reduce animal litter by encouraging owners to pick up after their pets. Identify the main target audience Pet owners. What are the intended outcomes/deliverables of the project? That pet owners will use the bags provided to clean up their pets litter and deposit the bags in the bins provided, other bins or their own bins at home. What are the particular aspects of the project? Installation of bins. Other comments Collection of waste and replacement of bags has been contracted to our waste management contractor. A public awareness campaign will be conducted by council after the bins have been installed. Proposed projec t timeline Dates/Time Notes Project lifespan include dates or total time required for completion Phase 1 Scoping and feasibility not required Directed by council, scoped by General Manager Phase 2 Planning 4 days Phase 3 Implementation 3 weeks Phase 4 Evaluation 2 days Proposed budget Detail proposed budget or financial constraints for the project. Overtime return/contractor payments $ 7,000 Bins & posts $ 15,000 Materials (cement, etc) $ 2,000 Scope signoff This scope has been approved by Bob Smith_____________________ Project Sponsor Department General Manager Date_____/_____/_____ Use the scope document during the whole project It is a good idea to revisit the scope document while the project is running, to check that the project is meeting its objectives and to make sure that activities are within its scope. During the plan phase you should use the scope document as a basis to expand into a precise activity list of the project deliverables. W orkplace Learning Activity If you are already involved in a team that is setting up a project in your workplace, keep notes on the scoping process. To get you started with your notes, here are questions you could address What does a project scope define? Who was involved in identifying the scope? What tools were used to describe the scope? What was involved in risk management planning? How will the scope provide a foundation for subsequent steps in the project? How was it carried out? How long did the process take? Here are other suggestions for workplace learning Find out about project scoping procedures in your organisation (or one you are familiar with) Ask your mentor or colleagues involved in project scoping if you could sit in on their scoping meetings or join the project scoping team. blab to people in your organisation about how the scope for their projects was identified. Identify a small project that you could manage as part of your work and develop a scope definition (this could come in helpful for you later). Seek clarification of issues related to the project and parameters With any project, there is a project sponsor (or sponsors) a person or organisation who might be a backer or financier.A project sponsors role includes the ones below provides a single point of reference regarding management decisions reports project progress to boards and top management. provides clarification of any issues related to project and project parameters. Note that there may also be other stakeholders, eg, the main client, funding body, or manager who may also need to be contacted for clarification at regular intervals throughout a project. Workplace Learning Activity If you are already involved in a project team in your workplace, answer the questions below.Alternatively, obtain answers to these questions from a project manager in your organisation (or one you are familiar with). Who is the project sponsor (or sponsors)? What are the types of issues would you need to clarify with a sponsor? Apart from the sponsor, are there any other stakeholders who you can approach for clarification about aspects of the project? Clarify relationship of the project to other projects and the organisations objectives It is important that the project manager and team understand how the project they are on the job(p) on fits in with the organisation and other related projects that may be in progress. In your workplace, you will probably find that there are a number of projects that are running concurrently.They may be completely self-contained projects with no one project having any bearing on any of the others. However, the following may also occur Your project may need to be completed before another can begin or vice versa (your project will not be able to begin before the other project is completed) Allocation of resources such as staff, funds and equipment, may be affected, eg there may be tools or templates developed for one project that will be used or adapted for the new project. It is good policy to establish a relationship with other project managers especially where the project they are working on has bearing on the new project. Workplace Learning Activity If you are already involved in a project team within in your workplace, answer these questions below. How does the project you are working on fit in the organisation? What other projects are related to this project and how? Here is another suggestion Interview a project manager to find out how they identified other projects that had a bearing on the project they have recently completed in the workplace. . Determine and access available resources to undertake the projectThe resources that are generally utilised within projects are people internal staff and sometimes contractors and other staff external to the organisation tools and equipment time raw materials money. In order to identify the resources needed for a project, you will, firstly, need to determine what tasks will need to be carried out to arrive at the project outcomes. Achieving your project objectives means blending activities and tasks to be carried out with time and funds available. The work breakdown structure (west by south) is a complete list of all the work that needs to be carried out to achieve the milestones, phases and/or objectives of the project.A WBS will allow the planning sequence of activities and tasks and where they have a dependency on other activities and tasks. From the WBS, the schedule, resources and the cost of the project will be determined. A WBS will also lead to an understanding of the overall project. A WBS can take one of two approaches either a top-down approach or a bottom-up approach Top-down approach The objectives are analysed to determine the phases the project must go through as it moves towards completion. A logical break-up of phases might be on the basis of major decision points or milestones. Bottom-up approach This approach is a reverse of the top-down approach. Tasks to meet the project objective are determined and separate with related tasks to form activities.Activities are then grouped to form project phases in logical sequences. This allows resources, duration and dependencies to be allocated at the task level. The cost of the individual resources will need to be calculated in order to determine the overall costs and budget for the project. How long a task will take will affect the cost of the project. Once the WBS is determined, calculations can be made for each task incorporating time allotted for each task as well as the resources and staff required. A dollar value is applied to each task and the sum total becomes the budget. In the initiation phase, a preliminary budget is prepared for the resources required and this is then detailed fully in the project plan. Workplace Learning Activity If you are already involved in a project team in your workplace, answer the quest ions below. How were the resources identified for the project? What resources will be required for this project? What staff (and skills) is required for the project? How did you prepare the work breakdown structure? Here are other suggestions for workplace learning Interview a project manager to find out how they identified the resources for the project they have recently completed in the workplace.Also ask of the project manager the questions outlined above. location documentation that was compiled to identify resources within a project. much resources For a comprehensive list of current readings and websites for Topic 1 Define Project please see the OLS for this unit and see Additional Resources and Websites. Contents What is a project? 1 Define project stakeholders 6 Access project scope and other relevant documentation 8 Seek clarification of issues relating to the project and parameters 15 Clarify relationship of project to other projects and organisations objecti ves 16 Determine and access available resources to undertake project 18 More resources 19