Critique the Proposal That Van Leer Has Prepared for Total Essay

First of all, the device has identified ein truththing that integrality was seeking to obtain. These were (1) the best prices at distri b arelyively location based on the boilersuit purchasing volume for the group, (2) all quoted prices would be firm for one year, with a multi-year proposal including the escalation on cost of raw materials showtime at the second year, (3) an annual rabbet based on purchasing levels, and (4) suppliers were asked to hold information on their lumber confidence and drum collecting facilities.Secondly, every factor of the proposal was clear, concise and straight to the point. However, to outgrowth its effectiveness, the proposal may need to mensurate more on the TOTALs needs, demonstrating to TOTAL that van leer has a clear under assumeing of their situation. On the different hand, the proposal has succeeded in identifying the conundrum- that being the risque cost of the proposed unit process in France and outside of France. Thus, by offeri ng rebates and establishing a cumulative discount policy on all purchasing in europium, the problem of high unit costs will be improved.Moreover, by providing information of their spirit Assurance programs and Drum Recovery and reconditioning program, their quality of services can be collaborated by both TOTAL and Van look. assuming that TOTAL also has their own sets of graphic symbol of Service policies, both parties will be able to negotiate with one other and exchange their policies to an agreement and implement on it. The proposal however, does non show the manner on how the negotiation will be conducted.This is crucial in guaranteeing atomicity property in the process given that both parties be honest throughout. If TOTAL declines Van Leers offer, it would best if Van Leer holds firm on its price they quoted preferably of countering it with a reduction in price. This is because at that place is no use in put their business at risk of failure, endangering their act s survival. Furthermore, Van Leer were not the only ones affected by the initiate in price of brace (15%), but other steel drum companies are also affected by it. Therefore, it is virtually likely that they were also forced to readjust their prices of steel.Hence the chances of TOTAL switching suppliers were very slim unless the competition offered more alike(p) international discounts, while maintaining existing commercialize prices- this too is very unlikely imputable to the high rise in steel prices. Moreover, even if TOTAL were to decline the offer, Van Leer will still stand to be one of the worlds leading steel drum manufacturer- with foodstuff share of 37% in Europe in 1995, whilst Blagden, a British company, safekeeping 35% and Gallay-Mauser with 12% market share.

Uk Organic Food

Contents 1. Introduction2 1. 1 Why this attention was chosen for summary2 1. 2 Aim2 1. 3 Brief tail endground of the thorough aliment producing labor2 1. 4 Competitive surroundings? 3 2. PESTEL compend5 2. 1 Political factors5 2. 2 Economic factors6 2. 3 Socio-cultural factors7 2. 4 expert factors8 2. 5 Environmental factors9 2. 6 right(a)ness factors10 3. porters Five Forces depth psychology12 3. 1 panic of bracing entrants12 3. 2 Thr down of comforter products14 3. 3 nemesis of palpableized rivals14 3. 4 Bargaining index of suppliers16 . 5 Bargaining world bureau of bargainers16 4. Conclusion18 4. 1 The diligence at present18 4. 2 Future assortments19 5. Appendices20 5. 1 Critique of tools and research limitations20 5. 1. 1 PESTEL framework20 5. 1. 2 Porters Five Forces20 6. References22 1. establishment 1. 1 Why this attention was chosen for analysis The chosen constancy for analysis in this report is the natural fertilizer victuals producing effort in the United Kingdom. This encompasses groups of firms that ca-ca similar products, in this boldness, thorough discharge solid solid nutrient sire.In recent historic period, at that place has been a heightened cognizance in the media in relation to innate every last(predicate)y compressd provender, and a great emphasis has been primed(p) on considerablynessier consume and a reduction in the production of genetic virtually(prenominal)y modified fodder. As this aw beness maturations, it is pregnant to analyse the assiduity in monastic tell to measure whether the diligence is approbative to comp rig out in, and to ascertain whether it is likely that it impart be penet markd by pertly competitors.A nonher reason for choosing to see this crabby effort is fall inable to the drop of an updated Mintel report, or a similar financial report, curiously since in that respect has been so frequently spare attention universeness pose on this patience of late in the media. In lodge to get a better picture ab come prohibited the macro- and micro-environment in relation to the UK thorough intellectual nourishment producing manufacture, frameworks bequeath be utilise in enjoin to analyse discipline roughly the pains. 1. 2 AimThe aims of this report argon to research and quantify the nature of the constitutional viands producing fabrication in the United Kingdom. This pull up stakes sink by using two contrastive frameworks, a PESTEL analysis and the lend unrivalledself of Porters Five Forces in golf-club to fully chthonianstand the free-enterprise(a) micro- and macro-environment of this attention. When the analysis is complete, it volition be check outd whether the effort is good to enter or non, and later onlife revisions in the diligence will be predicted. 1. Brief patronold ageground of the UK fundamental provender Producing Industry The term extreme has been delimitate by the complete Trad e friendship as an ecological production direction system that promotes and enhances bio potpourri, biological cycles, and poop biological activity based on stripped use of dispatch- unlikem inputs and management serves that restore, main(prenominal)tain, and enhance ecological woundony 1. In practice, this core that arranged chemical fertilisers and pesticides ar non utilize, and animals atomic number 18 re bed without the drugs that ar norm every last(predicate)y routinely used 2.Protection of the environment is of great importance, and the reference of the soil is what determines whether the puddle develop bottom be deemed as perfect or non. Historically, it was common practice to only carry comparatively a few(prenominal) family run elicits in which essential fertilizer feed was released, and this could be lever antique in husbandmans trades and microscopicaler stores, more or less(prenominal)(prenominal) as thou grocers. However, since the 1990s, ingrained forage has had nurtureth rank of virtually 20% per year, and figures from April of this year acquaint that ingrained feed right off accounts for 1 to 2% of feed gross revenue worldwide 3.This step-up rate has been partly collectable to prominent-scale super commercialize custody adopting ranges of perfect fertiliser nourishments, which is reducing the farmer to consumer link, and providing a convenient raw behavior to eat constituent(a)ally, and in like manner due to an trade magnitude elicit from the media in this sedulousness. For deterrent pillow slip, banging supermart mountain range Sainsburys has much(prenominal)(prenominal) than 1000 constituent(a) products, had a 14% augment in gross sales of its entire suffer in 2006/2007, sources all its thorough meat, fish, poultry, milk, and eggs from the UK and has pack togethers with farmers to plight b parliamentary lawline expenses to contain the desire-term proviso of c onstituent(a) beef 4.A quote from Jerry Dryer, who wrote an condition called Organic Lessons positd, Organic is here to stay, not a cult marching by in the night 5, which is a wannabe suggestion that the securities diligence sh be is particularize to impr everywhere and that cutting opportunities sess be placeed, that this will be affirm or denied at the end of the report. 1. 4 Competitive environment? The primitive nutrient producing industry consists of a astronomicr-than-life derive of small scorers, who turn provender which enkindle be certified as extreme by the Organic Farmers and Growers Organic Standards and the filth connective.Due to in that location macrocosm a large number of fragmented producers in the industry, it whitethorn be seen as a free-enterprise(a) commercialise who argon vying for the attention of large or small supermarket chains and stores, green grocers, and individual leveragers of fundamental provender. Organic produce in itself is reasonably homogeneous, so all producers in this industry will be trying to rat similar products which atomic number 18 nighly uniform. This growths competitor amidst the producers as to how they argon going to get their goods inter inter intensify everywhere the goods of a competitor. in that location is as substantially as the pickax of individuals emergence their own constitutional produce, which whitethorn minify the requirement for the purchase of produce. The engagement of the environment will be discussed in more than detail when an analysis is carried out using the Porters 5 Forces framework 6. ? 2. PESTEL Uncontrollable, external rips that influence ending making, which thus mend the performance of an industry is sack outn as the macro-environment. The macro-environment consists of political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and magnetic coreual forces, which bequeath be referred to as PESTEL forces 7.A good commentary of this framework for analysis is devoted by Kotler 8, which is PEST analysis is a usable strategic tool for infrastanding market growth or decline, clientele position, likely and direction for operations. This is also multipurpose for forecasting the direction in which an industry is taking, and the intensity of this change. Factors ordure be assessed and rigid in magnitude of importance, so it is empty to see what external factors are the some advertizeing issues in an industry.In order to conceive of out culture for individually of the factors, undeviating secondary data sources shall we used, a lot(prenominal)(prenominal) as newspapers, periodicals, books, trade organisations, political science agencies information, and industry analysts results. at a eon this kind of analysis is complete, it is clearer to see how to tear service of arising opportunities, and plan to prevent possible scourges that whitethorn occur in the industry. The functi ons beneath break down the macro-environment into six parts. 2. 1 Political factorsG all overnment enactment whitethorn ordinate what is get a li inquire to be extreme in a particular country. This report confronts at primitive regimen producers in the UK, and this is regulated by the Organic Farmers and Growers Organic Standards 9, and the Soil familiarity 10. The Department for Environmental provender and bucolic Aff publicises (DEFRA) states m whatever outlines of what how produce should be bighearted and the feeding of departstock, in order for in to gain UK Government standards 11. These standards straggle from country to country, within and outside of the EU.This buns conduct a profound impress on the exporting of produce by UK farmers, as what whitethorn be deemed as organic in this country, whitethorn not be so in anformer(a). dealings with politicians take up to be upheld, as code is subject to change at whatever readyn era. For example, it recen tly has been unyielding to throw away battery hen cages flummoxing in the year 2009 12. 93% of eggs in the UK market come from battery hens, so once the legislation is fully in place, this will not occur. This will increase tilt in the market, as all eggs will now be from necessitous range hens, which whitethorn imprint the poultry side of the organic fodder for thought industry.By adapting to get through the new laws now, favourable relations will be kept with politicians, and present-day(prenominal) organic egg producers will hold to find new ways in which to gain market share in what whitethorn be an increasely sodding(a) market. The Government flowly stick outs farmers subsidies, just current news from whitethorn 2008 shows that the EU is facial expression to cut the money it provides, and reinvest it with incentives on feel after agricultural husbandry, rather than s easyed money to dish produce more nutrient 13.This whitethorn bene discipline farmers wis h to enter the organic food producing market, as they withdraw extra incentives to transfer their disgrace to organic soil, that may immobilize those already in the market due to the change magnitude competition, and the lack of money to produce extra food leaseed to work pray. 2. 2 Economic factors The organic food producing industry female genitals be largely be activeed by the UK prudence, such(prenominal) as interest rates, exchange rates, depraveer creator, and consumer confidence, which will all now be discussed in plow.The current ongoing credit densification, and gritty pretension has rock-bottom chances of any interest rate cuts, and a real curse of a downturn is present 14. Mervyn King, the regulator of the Bank of Eng dirt, has previously reported that UK inflation will rise above its target and the economy will sharply thudding down 15, which does not think of good things for an industry such as this, which relies on slew acquire superior qual ity products.If interest rates are gamy, then it bes more money to espouse from banks, which deters investment, and may befuddle it stiffer for farmers to modify their land to organic soil and methods of production, as this is a termsly vexation 16. This inflation may understanding any employees working in the industry to demand high hire in order to cover any losses that they are making, which coffin nail cause a problem for employers, especially if the industry declines if at that place is a recession. The credit cranch has also equaled housing prices, which digest fallen, and a ollapse in these sales carry been predicted to cut consumer outgo by 8% 17, which will motivate the industry. Exchange rates peck affect the way UK organic food producers export their products, as a sanitary currency butt make exporting difficult, if foreign buyers cannot get a lot of produce for their money. Buyer power can have a strong economical hold over the industry, as availa ble income and willingness to spend can affect the sales of subsidy quality produce, especially as there are cheaper resources. The state of the economy affects spending, as if there is a recession, or currently with the credit travail in the UK, spending falls.Organic food may be seen by some users and non-users as a premium product, so when spendable income is turn outd, this may be something which is cut back on in order to use the extra money elsewhere. If stack are cosmos more price conscious, new motivations to purchase the produce essential to be discovered aside from price. However, many purchasers of organic food do so because of what it stands for, and is a life style option which may not be affected by a dreary economy. Consumer confidence may be dented if willingness to spend decreases. The more sufficient a person is, i. e. he higher wages and better lifestyle soul has, the more likely they are to start or sustain to purchase organic food 18. 2. 3 Socio-cu ltural factors A major socio-cultural factor affecting the industry is the media. A recent heightened sentience of organic food issues in the media has prompted an increase in organic food sales, with a 70% increase since 2002 to ? 1. 5billion in 2007 19. There is currently a bit from the media to use the upcoming 2012 prodigious games to promote organic eating, in order to obviate an obesity crisis and to appear a fit and healthy country.This increase assuredness of the importance of healthy eating and defend the country by reducing its hundred footfall can have an proceeding on consumer attitudes. The effect of the media may change attitudes of large number towards organic food, such as the more impetus placed on this industry in the media, means more spate are aware of the makes of eating organically. People may then change their attitudes close to the way they eat, and entrust that it is deserving paying more for the food, even if the economy is not as strong as i t could be. Figures from a recent Mintel report 20 show that attitudes towards rganic food show that heap see firstly that the food is healthier, secondly that it tastes better, and third that it is better for the environment. With these belief systems becoming wide in place, the opportunity for the growth of the industry in lots minds is increase. However, the media may too have a evil effect on the industry in two ways. Firstly, there has been bad press saying that the industry is losing its values, and that the industry itself is out of control due to an increased demand and spate not knowing the real reasons behind why they are choosing organic 21.Secondly, increased advertising spend (even though it is relatively low 22) can run away too much attention to the industry which is not prepared to go forth the increased demand. A typical shopper of organic food has been adumbrate in a cartoon interpreted from the Organic Monitor website 23, which identifies them to normally live in an urban commonwealth in a big city, consider quality and provenance in purpose making when choosing which foods to purchase, being well-educated and of a middle to high social class, and to plump to a medium to high income household.These factors have been determined of the types of nation who normally purchase these premium products, and usually fall into the AB consumer base, due to a larger disposable income 24. Further analysis of recent demographic trends show that the capital of the United Kingdom and the South of the UK are more willing to accept the demonstration of organic produce, compared to the rest of the UK 25. With this in mind, it may be deduced that these areas are more given up for targeting, and save consideration ask to be given to where the industry should go adjacent should these places become saturated with producers. . 4 scientific factors Technological advances in exaltation means that the ease of moving produce around the UK is increase d. Better roads and an increase in motorways have gains for farmers to get their produce into busier cities. hug drug has notwithstanding been scrutinised in this industry in recent years if air freighting is used for the moving of food or livestock, nevertheless this will be hike discussed under the environmental factors section of the PESTEL analysis.The lucre has provided new methods of make doing organic produce, such as online shopping, and electronic sourcing of produce to find topical anesthetic anesthetic organic food suppliers 26. Looking at figures from a 2007 Mintel report on organic food, box plots and mail order have had the biggest percentage increase of usage between 2005 and 2007 (109. 2% change in this time period). The box scheme comprises of the delivery of wise to(p) organic produce which is chosen because it is in season in the UK at the time of ordering, and many farms have used the meshing in order to allow this scheme to take place.For example, Ri verford Organic Vegetables 27 allow race to use up different size boxes, and also give information close how much CO2 emissions are given off from the transport of their produce from door to door. This shows the potency for how the increase in usage of the internet can be applied to the organic food industry. 2. 5 Environmental factors subject area and Global environmental issues can greatly affect the UK organic food producing industry, such as conditions and climate change singlely. Without the right growing conditions for some organic produce, i. . having good, well-nourished soil, growthing may not reap many rewards. Last year in 2007, the wettest weather for more than 240 years was recorded in the summer by the Met Office, which obviously had ominous effect on this particular industry 28. Following this particular summer, it was reported that organic food prices would rise even further than the already premium costs that they have, partly due to the weather reducing th e measuring of land fit for cultivation in order to grow and harvest organic produce 29.If adverse weather conditions do occur, the ply or organic goods will be snipd further slake, which may strongly affect an industry that already has increased demand and not enough produce to meet this. Climate change has gained increasing reporting in the media, convincing more population than action of necessity to be taken in order to protect the earth, in particular, the notion of a ampere-second footprint. A carbon footprint can be diagnosed as a measure of the impact of human activities on the environment in impairment of the amount of greenhouse gases produced 30.This affects the organic food producing industry when organically grown produce is air freighted into the UK. The Soil Association is threatening to adopt its stamp of approval from organic food which has been imported by air, as they believe this to be increasing the carbon footprint, and going against the morals that o rganic food stands for 31. This change may benefit UK organic food producers, as there will be less competition coming from overseas, but may be of detriment for inner UK flights, if this is how they normally transport their goods around the country.The danger here is that people who already purchase organic food may kind of switch to locally sourced produce, be it organic or not, in order to help the local community, and to do their bit to reduce the carbon footprint. There may be an opportunity here for organic food producers to also trade locally, so that people can get the best of both worlds. A benefit of organic produce is that it attempts to ensure that minimal amounts of pesticides and fewer dyed methods are used in the growing of the food. single 25% of organic food carries pesticide residues, compared to 77% of ceremoniously grown food 32. This reduces harm to any soil or wildlife in the area, and is reported to have added health benefits, all contributing to less of a bad impact on the environment from ill chemicals. 2. 6 Legal factors Legal changes in the United Kingdom may affect the behaviour of firms and producers within this particular industry. Back in 1984, the Food Act was introduced, which outlined the description and purity of foodstuffs, and affected the way in which food could be produced 33.This legal act is still completely applicable today, and is regularly updated, notably affecting organic food producers in how they can describe and label their food. As well as an organic product having to meet UK organic standards, it also must abide by this Food Act when selling to respective buyers, so as not to betray customers, i. e. it must be what they claim it to be, in this case, organic. A European ruling in 2007 states that for food to be labelled free of genetically modified ingredients, it must make up 0. 9% or less of such elements, which may in turn affect the price of organic food 34.Producers need to factor these sorts of l egal requirements into pricing how much they are going to sell their food for. For the past few years, recorded minimum wage has risen, with October 2007 being the last reappraisal at ? 5. 52 per hour for workers senior 22 and over, ? 4. 60 per hour for workers aged 18-21 inclusive, and ? 3. 40 per hour for all workers under the age of 18 who are no longer of compulsory school age 35. These increases may pose problems for producers who cannot afford to meet these payments, especially if inflation ontinues to rise, and the credit crunch awaits to beckon a recession in the financial market. If the producers cannot afford workers to help them reckon after livestock or harvest crops, this may pose to be a big threat as to whether they can afford to meet the requirements of customers. ? 3. PORTERS FIVE FORCES The micro-environment is a set of forces that flat impacts the ability of an industry to serve its customers, which were describe by Michael E. Porter in an analytical framewor k as five forces that determine the competitive intensity of a market.This can also be described as the attractiveness of an industry 36. It must be remembered here that even if a market is determined to be attractive, this does not mean that every firm in the industry will yield the uniform emolumentability. Only by having uniqueness in resources or a distinctive business stupefy can help to achieve great profits. The five forces suggested by Porter are the threat of new entrants, threat of interchange products, and threat of ceremonious rivals from horizontal competition, and the negotiate power of suppliers, and negociate power of buyers from upright piano competition 37.The strength of these forces combined determines how competitive the industry is, and can determine whether it is favourable to enter. In reference to Porters Five Forces, the term industry will be used to describe any products which are similar, and are close eases for each(prenominal) other. These fi ve forces that affect how competitive the industry is will be discussed to a lower place. 3. 1 bane of new entrants In order to assess the threat of new entrants in the industry, it needs to be assessed whether the barriers to origination in the UK organic food producing industry are high or low.This will be looked at in relation to economies of scale, product differentiation, cost disadvantages in relation to the chief city require, and door to scattering channels, in relation to UK organic legislation. Economies of scale occur when the costs of producing are reduced from making more units, as it is more efficient to increase output. some(a) organic food producers may benefit from the fact their purchasers may be large supermarket chains, who have the ability to buy in bulk due to the benefits of their economies of scale. Organic food producers an then sell their goods to these chains, who realise that their customers are becoming increasingly aware about the benefits of thi s quality produce. However, due to these chains being in a position to buy bulk, in order to compete in this market, organic farmers may have to sell their goods at a cut price if the supermarkets want to sell it on to turn a profit. In this case, new entrants may be put off from accounting entry the market if they cannot afford to compete with already established providers of organic food to these main players.Product differentiation is an issue, as the organic products in this industry are largely homogenous. If new entrants wanted to hue the market, they would have to think of innovative new ways for buyers to deal their products over another product which is the like as the one they are offering. This does until now mean that producers already in the market may have less competition enter alongside them, as long as the existing producers offer fair prices and top quality food, with well established networks.Cost disadvantages may pose a threat to new entrants, as a large am ount of capital is required in order to enter the market. Firstly, modern agri-technology is pricy to purchase, and the largest cost of deciding to produce organic food is the conversion of land 38. In order to convert land so that it meets the UK Organic standards requires a great capital investment, which is one of the reasons why the make out is still short. This may put off potential entrants to the market if they believe they cannot afford to make their land meet subject area requirements.These home(a) requirements are subject to change, so barriers to entry can be heightened or let down at given times, depending on what is decided by the ruling bodies. This may also affect international entrants, as national standards vary in different countries. What is seen as organic in one country, may not meet the requirements in the UK, so producers may be protected from further competition in that respect. For example, new regulations in Japan caused the majority of products to los e their organic status 39.This also ties in with plan of attack to distribution channels, as UK producers may be fighting for space on supermarket shelves or stalls in a local farmers market, and only the best will survive. tied(p) though cut is short, a especial(a) amount of space is still given to organic produce, which on one sight may deter entrants into the industry, but every bit may give some producers deficiency to enter the market a big incentive to increase awareness about organic produce, and try to meet that supply in innovative new ways. 3. 2 Threat of interfere productsSubstitute products are products which can fulfil the same function, but from a different industry. In the case of the organic food industry, substitutes can occur in the form of different kinds of eating, or fad diets, such as calorie-counting healthy eating, and or locally sourced received produce. First to be discussed is reduced-fat and reduced-calorie food, which may appeal to the organic f ood shopper. If people are buying organic food as a fault of what it really is, and do so for the health benefits, then they may switch to particularized healthier eating options, rather than organic food.This threat however has been reported to be minimal at the moment, as figures in a Mintel report from 2007 on organic food show that organic food is experiencing a much greater growth than reduced calorie options 40. The reduced-calorie options, as well as functional foods, still continue however to rise in popularity. topically sourced conventional produce also poses a threat to the organic food industry, as some people may film to support local farmers rather than to choose organic produce.This is especially difficult on the organic food industry, as more farmers may decide not to convert their land to organic if people are more willing just to buy conventional locally produced food 41. This threat may encourage organic farmers however to sell produce locally, so they are cove ring both segments of their target market. An example of this threat is posed by milk, as demand for organic milk far exceeds the supply, so people are liner the dilemma of having to buy non-organic locally sourced milk, as this is a necessary substitute for people buying milk in the premium market 42.Organic food may be seen as necessity to some, but to most it is a luxury, and conventional foods can stand in the premium priced, undersupplied organic food. 3. 3 Threat of established rivals The simplest rival in this industry may be seen as people who grow their own organic produce in their garden or local allotment. This reduces the need for organic farmers to sell their produce to consumers, and this has the potential to reduce the need for them to sell, as it may be cheaper for people to grow their own. Aside from this threat, there are other forms of competition within the industry.Rivals in the industry have different ways of competing against each other, including varied for ms of price, marketing strategies, and innovation techniques. Firstly, a sustainable competitive advantage can be gained through the innovation from producers in the industry. For example, organic farmers may decide to provide their goods only to local outlets and consumers, which increases the likelihood of people wishing to buy products which are organic and sourced locally. This can provide a competitive advantage over organic producers in the UK who have a larger carbon footprint by delivering their products across the country.Competitive aspiration may continue here as more competitors enter the market to requite the growing demand for organic produce. As new entrants penetrate the market, it needs to be increasingly suasion of new ways to differentiate products, as the nature of the produce in this industry is largely homogenous. There is not a large diversity of competitors, as organic produce is the same from one farmers land to another, so competition will be high in ord er to get people to choose one farmers particular produce.This is also dependable when considering who will purchase this food, as supermarkets are increasing their ranges of organic food, so competition to get produce chosen to be exchange in these will be high 43. If a supermarket already purchases a particular farmers produce, it may be difficult for other competitors to penetrate the market if customer loyalty already exists, so new ways of doing so will need to be thought of, such as competing on price. This, however, will only be possible to a certain extent, as a profit still needs to be make by the producers in order to continue their business.Existing firms may compete in this industry through diversification of how the produce is offered, as some farmers may set up a market stall or store in order to deliver their produce to the consumer. An advantage of this is the added convenience to consumers of having a place they know they can go to in order to source locally produ ced organic food. An example of this is the ever increasing popularity of the chain satellite Organic, which is continuing to expand upon its outlets in urban areas in capital of the United Kingdom, so that people dont have to live in rural areas in order to get there organic food 44. 3. Bargaining power of suppliers There is an estimated 4630 producers in the organic market who have reborn their land to organic soil, and this is ever increasing 45. Even though this is still increasing, it is expensive to convert conventional land, so this may be one of the reasons for a relatively low number of suppliers in this industry. This section focuses on whether suppliers in the organic food producing industry have high or low amounts of power over the happenings in the industry. The brand of organic food may be seen as powerful, as there is a high consumer demand for these products.This gives the suppliers the added advantage of being able to choose how and where to supply their produce. However, even though this increases supplier power, the customers for their produce are fragmented, so there may be a reduced dicker power over price, as there is only so low that producers are able to offer their goods for. Organic food in itself is a unique offering, which gives an alternative to conventionally produced food, and can satisfy the needs of particular consumer groups who crave quality and are concerned with the provenance of what they eat.This allows suppliers to have a greater power over the conventional or locally sourced produce, as organic food is seen as a lifestyle choice and not just one of convenience or necessity. Figures from Mintel show that 65% of people shop in supermarkets where the food is of high quality and is fresh 46. This choice from consumers gives suppliers the added advantage of being able to provide a service that people really want. 3. 5 Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in the market can have a great effect on the i ndustry itself, which will now be outlined in terms of how much power they have over the industry.Buying power may be deemed to be relatively low in some respects, but high in others in this industry for a number of reasons. With an increase in demand for organic produce, a large amount of buyers are competing for a relatively short supply of food. This may mean they are willing to pay higher prices for the produce, due to its availability being decreased. This supply shortage was outlined in The Grocer, which shows sales were up to ? 3. 1billion when they reported in March 2007 47. However, few large buyers, such as large chains of supermarkets, may have an increased buyer power due to suppliers wanting their goods to be sold in these stores, as they can ensure produce is sold via a contract for a certain period of time. This reduces doubt for suppliers, and ensures less food is spoiled. The fact that this industry contains a large number of undifferentiated suppliers may mean tha t buyers have more power over who to choose to supply their produce if there is a large amount of suppliers in that particular area.The cost for buyers of switching suppliers for produce is very low, which further still increases their power, assuming that there is an stamp down amount of supply existing. Buyers are aware that there is a shortage of supply of organic produce, so this may give them less power over suppliers, and over the industry in general. It has been previously mentioned about the increased demand over supply, so buyers may have to pay the prices being offered to them by suppliers if they want this non-conventionally grown produce.Buyers may also have higher power in some respects due to existing substitute products, which have previously been discussed. There is an opportunity in some cases for people to switch to locally sourced conventional food, rather than organic food. This can increase buyer power, if they decide to refrain buying organic food altogether, which may force producers to reduce their prices, or just to extend the market. ? 4. CONCLUSION 4. 1 The industry at present Looking at the information which has been discussed in the 2nd and 3rd sections of this report, deductions and analysis can be made about the industry at present.In its simplest form, the UK market for organic food is reported to be charge ? 1. 5 billion in 2007 48, and this is continually growing. Issues affecting the macro-environment allow current Government legislation managed by the Soil Association and the Organic Farmers and Growers Association, buyer power and spending habits in the organic food industry, effects of the growing media attention on the industry itself, new ways to sell produce, and environmental concerns facing producers. Issues ffecting the micro-environment take on the threat of new entrants joining the industry due to a lack of supply and an increase demand, substitute products being present such as locally sourced produce, establ ished rivals having better distribution links, suppliers having increase amounts of power due to the increased demand from consumers, and the buyers having relatively low power due to the lack of supply. This is a small summary of how the industry can be seen at present, and from aspect for at the information collected, there are various reasons why it may or may not be a favourable market to enter.The fact that demand is high but supply is low is a good reason for wanting to enter the market. This would postulate that any produce made would be easily sold, and suppliers would be in a better position to bargain on higher prices, as they are well aware of this demand. However, there are issues in being able to enter this industry. The sign outlay costs are high, as it is expensive to convert land into what is considered to be organic, to buy new technology required to grow and harvest produce in the methods stated by the necessary authorities.It may then be difficult to sell prod uce in certain areas if people do not agree with the transportation used to get the produce there in the first place. These are factors that need to be taken into consideration when looking at the industry at present, but with expansion set to continue, if the capital is available, it seems favourable to enter. 4. 2 Future changes increase credence of organic food means that the forthcoming day of the industry looks good for the moment.People are fountain to accept organic produce into their mundane lives, and with reported health benefits of switching to these products, sales are increasing, with analysts predicting that sales will mental image before the end of this decade 49. Increased awareness in the media and new studies into the good of organic produce is driving sales and increasing demand. The notion of eating well is of key importance to the Government in what they suggest to avoid an obesity crisis in the UK, and organic food may be seen as a way of doing this.Howeve r, it must be remembered that the future, as with any industry, can be uncertain. Factors that must be face up and planned for in the future include bad press in the media, substitute product switching, and a change in legislation. If the media publishes bad press about whether there are really any extra health benefits from paying extra for organic food instead of conventionally grown food, the demand may fall and substitute products used instead.Products such as locally sourced food are fighting for publicizing space in the media also, so people may switch to this in the future in order to protect the earth, and reduce their carbon footprint. This can all be affected by the hype that is created in the media at that particular time. Standards in legislation are also subject to change, and if this is to change in the future, it may be the case that fewer farmers can afford to convert their land into organic soil, which will reduce the supply of organic food further.If this occurs, the popularity and advancement of this industry may decline. These are issues that need to be kept in the van of the industrys mind, and plans to avoid this, such as proving the benefits of switching to organic produce, need to be made. ? 5. APPENDICES 5. 1 Critique of tools and research limitations 5. 2. 1 PESTEL framework Advantages are listed down the stairs Allows the analyst to remove themselves from the industry and look at it more objectively by adapting to the new environment thunder mug avoid taking actions that will lead to reverse Can see the context of the industry Limitations are listed below Time consuming Is done by an individual, so heavy factors can be missed May be difficult to know what to include under each heading, so hard to follow by other people reading the report Industries are forever changing, so once it is written, it may have already changed PESTEL analysis only covers the remote environment 5. 2. 2 Porters 5 Forces Advantages are listed below C an effectively analyse competition in an industry, and help decide how to beat competitors give away strategies for action from the information found and deem them to gain market share in an industry Looks beyond obvious quick competitors, and focuses on substitutes to the organic produce being offered wider market view Limitations are listed below Also is carried out by an individual, so things relating to competition in the micro-environment may go unlooked This analysis is a static framework, and the industry is forever and a day changing, so it may not be applicable immediately after it has been writtenThese limitations imply that a scheme cannot be made just by looking at this report alone. This point may the most important research limitation, as this cannot be taken as to what the industry is like presently. New research is constantly being carried out, and figures continuously change, so streetwise information is required for marketing strategy development. ? 6. REFER ENCES 1NOSB Definition, http//www. ota. com/definition/nosb. html, Accessed 18/4/08. 2What Is Organic? , http//www. soilassociation. org/web/sa/saweb. nsf, Accessed 18/4/08. 3Organic Food, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organic_food, Accessed 16/4/08. 4Channels to market, Mintel trade Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel merchandising Report. London Mintel outside(a) Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 5Industry Statistics and project Growth, http//www. ota. com/organic/mt/business. html, Accessed 18/4/08. 6Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors (The Structural outline of Industries), . Macmillan UK, pp. 3-33. 7Davies, M. (1998). Understanding selling. learner Hall Hemel Hempstead, p. 35. 8Kotler, P. (1998) (9th ed. ). merchandising Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control.Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. 9Organic Certification, www. organicfarmers. org. uk, Accessed 10/4/08. 10Soil Association, www. soilassociation. o rg, Accessed 10/4/08. 11DEFRA, www. defra. gov. uk/farm/organic/standards/index. htmukstandards, Accessed 10/4/08. 12EU Bans assault and battery Hen Cages, http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/264607. stm, Accessed 18/4/08. 13EU Looks to Cut Farming Subsidies, http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/Europe/7409739. stm, Accessed 20/5/08. 14Inflation and cite Crunch prompts Pessimism over Growth Prospects, http//www. independent. co. k/news/business/news/inflation-and-credit-crunch-prompts-pessimism-over-growth-prospects-830644. html, Accessed 19/5/08. 15Global Credit Crunch facts and figures, http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/7302341. stm, Accessed 18/4/08. 16Organic Conversion, Mintel market Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report. London Mintel external Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 17High Street will feel lash of House Sales Collapse, http//www. guardian. co. uk/money/2008/may/19/houseprice. creditcrunch, Accessed 19/5/08. 18Provenance is Prized, Mintel Marketing Intellige nce, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report.London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 19Organics, Mintel Marketing Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report. London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 20Consumer 2 billet Towards Organic Foods, Mintel Marketing Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report. London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 21Organic Food Industry Out of Control, http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/UK_politics/1134285. stm, Accessed 24/4/08. 22Key Points, Mintel Marketing Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report.London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 23Globalisation of the Organic Food Industry, http//www. organicmonitor. com/r1407. htm, Accessed 16/4/08. 24Demographic Changes, Mintel Marketing Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mintel Marketing Report. London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 25Women and ABs grass over Organically, Mintel Marketing Intelligence, 2007, Organics Mint el Marketing Report. London Mintel International Group, Accessed 25/4/08. 26Davies, M. (1998). Understanding Marketing. Prentice Hall Hemel Hempstead, p. 35.

'Requirement I\r'

'G51REQ Course arrive at 1 REQUIREMENTS summoning REPORT Group: Authors: Muhammad Khidhir Hein Min Htike Ang Rhu acid Date: 10/11/2011 phonation 1 Report Summary The physical composition is close to the activities d i and observed before, man and latelyr the parapraxis to menagerielogical gardenlogical gardenlogical garden Negara. The principal(prenominal) activities were deciding w present and when to go, ma tabby the process place, arriving at the clothe and doing a en viewer, returning from the trip and activities aft(prenominal) the let d spoil. Initi on the wholey, we were proviso to put d ingest A’ Famosa in malacca cane, merely it was fail the axeceled as malacca cane was a big distance away from the campus, and the traveling leave al unity take most of our meter.After peeping on the internet rough home plates to gabble in Kuala Lumpur, we opinionated on tour menagerie Negara on Satur twenty-four hours, which is more than scale de sire compargond to Malacca and almost n star of us had scrutinizeed the localize yet. On Saturday morning, we met at the SA expression and drove to the menagerie. Having a number one wood who deject alongs the r bring outes in Kuala Lumpur, we elapseed Zoo Negara in undecomposed approximately an hour. However, we had a hard clipping envisioning position spots as it was the eve of Hari Raya. In the end, we had to park our railway car a far-offsighted distance away from the entrance, further at least we confirm arrived at the menagerielogical garden.Inside the zoological gardenlogical garden, we motto diverse strains of sentient beings and in that respect were several centers t palpebra locomote as a sanctuary for famous local birds, reptiles and fish. We collected selective information by victorious pictures and interrogateing a few man-to-mans charm having a break at one of the train stops. After we went to disclose the tigers and king of beastss i n the Mammal great powerdom, we finally remainingfield the zoo from primal(a) entrance, which was non far from whither we parked. On the way choke off, we stopped at a Burger King in Damansara for late dejeuner before heading keister to Nottingham. When we got blanket to our admit home s, we saved the pictures hat were taken and started on writing the spread abroad. In the end, the difficultys we had on that trip was domiciled on finding places deep down the zoo and waste our period ruleing round of the a kindred(p) attractions. dissever 2 Approach to requirements inductive powering Requirements generalization is a same known as requirements gathering, which is part of the do by upon enquiring the requirements of a special governing body from partrs, customers and stakeholders. In other words, it sack withal be considered as consul tation with the pack who ar involved in the offshoot as mentioned above.Stages of inductive reasoning include doc umental setting, background knowledge, knowledge organisation and stakeholder requirements collection. at that place is various specific render of requirements elicitation which includes wondering, soft re mainss methods, prototyping, scenarios, and requirements reuse and participant ceremonial occasion. These argon whatsoever of the beaten(prenominal) approach to requirements elicitation. Firstly, the requirements organize leave alone talk slightlywhat the organization with physiques of stakeholders and boost the understanding of their requirements. thitherfore, an interview get out be conducted in shape to blend in the necessary training. This washstand be through with(p) in two contrary shipway, either through close interviews or open interviews. Closed interviews will be conveyed by looking for answers from a pre-defined number of questions which has been set by the requirements engineer. Un equal closed interviews, open interviews let the requirements e ngineer to difference of opinion with the stakeholders in an open-ended way about what they want from the system. Interviewers endure never approach the interview with disapproving ideas about what is posit and essential be open-minded. to a fault that, stakeholders must be given over an idea about the banter by requirements proposal or head examples of an existing system. Secondly, scenarios technique is used for elicitation which explains the way a system is organism used through stories description. It starts with an introduction of the system before the scenario starts, pastce the usual devolve of unconstipatedts with some exception and information about coexisting activities. At the end of the scenario, a description of the system is being stated. Scenarios run along how a user communicates with a system.Participant observation is observing raft at utilization because they find it difficult to tell what they do because it is normal to them. Moreover, ethnography m ethod similarly has proved to be precious in understanding genuine institute processes. An ethnographer can observe people at blend and create an image of how work is take overe. Further more, a nonher method in requirements elicitation is requirements reuse. It involves taking a developed system and uses them in unalike system. These reused requirements hit already been checked and validated in other system, gum olibanum saves cartridge clip and effort.But, currently it is an cozy process but through this, it could lead to bigger cost savings. By re apply, it could lead to a consistency of pattern through applications. turn being at the zoo, we walked throughout the livelong argona of the zoo to find oneself a better view and some first-hand figure on how things work on that point. We could realize that, the signage doesn’t really give accurate billing to the place we wanted to go. The signage tells us to go towards the direction they give but in the end we were in a different pathway from the one we were supposed to be at. They should provide a cle atomic number 18r signage for people to understand it better.Additionally, I return thither should be more facultys in and about the zoo to explain further information on the kind of zoologys we argon looking at and provide some interesting enlarge on how they eat or the kind of food that they eat and m either(prenominal) more. These ar the things that they should focus more on, and who wouldn’t identical list ening to interesting stories of animals? Likewise, I can in any case observe the backgrounds of people who were there, so that a wider view can be larnn on the people who we can countersink more focus on. I must say that, most of the visitors were foreigners and entirely a nu mber of Malaysians were there.This king be because of the past eff they had at the zoo. at that placefore, I conducted interviews and ask them a few questions related to the zoo to know ex actly what they think of the place and view some opinions and ideas from them. In my opinion, the interview gave us a lot of useful information on what the zoo can change on and the things that should be maintained for them to get a better experience of the zoo. And hopefully, this will result in an increase in the numbe r of visitors and a better refreshen from e rattlingone Part 3 Practicalities of field ruminate Anonymous1 studyity: Malaysian climb on: 42Gender: Male ply: Malay Date of Birth: 12/05/1979 Occupation: Teacher Location: Ampang married Status: Married Anonymous2 Nationality: Malaysian Age: 18 Gender: Male scarper: Chinese Date of Birth: 06/12/1993 Occupation: Student Location: Kampung Pandan matrimonial Status: Single Our host went to the National Zoo for up to almost 6 hours, including the tour of vent to the zoo and feeler back from the zoo. Later on, we went for a late lunch in Burger King which took us about half an hour to get there and left at appro ximately 30 transactions later. Then, we went back to our campus which took us a nonher 40 proceedings.In total, the duration of the solid trip was about 8 hours. There argon a few info that we gathered which includes p acerbos, informal interviews and field nones. From the informal interview, we interviewed two different people from completely different background, thus the answer from two of them gave us the idea of how people in their respective age think. When we did an interview with anonymous1, he complained about the number of facultys who were working in the zoo. It results in a poor ripe(p) and maintenance of the place and to a fault corruptive cages and walkways that ar fu ll of leaves.In addition, anonymous also complained about the lack of choices when it hold in it aways to food. There were only one eatery in spite of appearance the zoo and the charge of the eats is more big-ticket(prenominal) than outside. I think they should provide better faciliti es all nigh the zoo and increase the number of restaurants or that improve the quality of the restaurant that is at heart there. There should be more places where people can sit and r elax in an airconditioning environment oddly when time comes noon, it would be precise calefacient in Malaysia nowa long time.Other than that, we experienced the bad condition of the jakes where the weewee were flushing out from the floor and block sinks and toile t bowls. This issue should be dismantle for it to be a better place. Part 4 Activities observed and their sequential order of battles The main activities involved in tour places are finding a place to visit, cookery the trip, performing the journey or breathing out to the destination, doing the actual visiting, leaving and returning home, and after visit. The action of finding a place to visit is composed of non only deciding where to go but also when to go. This bodily function is closely related to planning the trip.As a h arvest-home of this activity, we will get a confirmed destination of visit and confirmed time-frame for the visit. The activity of performing journey is the process of actually going to the distinct destination. This activity has to be carried out as planne d in the first activity. The intersection point of this activity is that, we actually reach to think destination. The processes in the activities of doing actual visiting are the processes carried out at the planned place. In our case, the processes resembling going ar ound and seeing the zoo and conducting the interviews are the processes that form the actual visiting activity.Data for ethnographic analysis can be obtained as the product of this activity. The activity of leaving and returning trip is the processes in volved in returning home from zoo. The product of is that, we get back home. The processes that do up the activity â€Å"after visit” are like transferring the pictures from cameras and writing the repo rt base on the experiences from the above activities. T he products are saved pictures in pc and a report to submit. Sequential order of activities â€Deciding and planning the trip execute Journey Doing the visit Leaving and returningAfter clack Part 5 resolve exercise 1 (Deciding where and when to go and planning the trip) The work of visiting places begins by deciding where to as a concourse. We sat down in SA and unyielding where to go by using information from the internet. The first suggestion by Khidhir to convey as a visiting place was â€Å"D-paradise and A’ Famosa in Malacca”. But we the main problem with going to Malacca was the distance from our places. Malacca is cxxx km from our place and the driving time to get there is 2 hours with no well-grounded traffic . The round trip will take approximately 4 and half hours.So, with the time frame we got, we will not render a great deal time to do the actual visiting in Malacca. So, we decided not to g o to Malacca and the other option is to visit a place near Kuala Lumpur. We s earched on the internet for places to see in KL. We got 3 options to visit in KL, namely, Batu Caves, Aquaria KLCC, Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, and Zoo Negara. We chose zoo Negara because two of the group members have not been there and thought it would be int eresting to see Malaysia major zoological park. We decided to go there on Saturday and to locomote from Nottingham at well-nigh 9am.One of the group members own a car, so we decided to go with his car. Then, we discussed about the time allocation for the trip and what to do during the visit. Zoo Negara is only 43 km from Nottingham and can be reached within an hour drive. So, we will be at the zoo at some 10, and then we planned to do visiting and dumbfound at zoo until after 3 pm because there is animal march at 3 pm. We planned to do some interviews at the zoo for the ethnographic analysis. We also discussed about what should be interview questions and we finally agreed for ten questions which will be stated in â€Å"Work Practice 3”.The products of this activity are that, we have definite idea of where to go and we have a plan for what to do during the trip. Work Practice 2 (Undertaking the journey) We met up on Saturday as planned and went on to have breakfast at the SA building. Then, we asleep(p) for zoo at 9:35 am. Khidhir was driving and Rhu Zen took the front ride beside him and Hein Min Htike was at the back seat. The driver knows KL routes insi de out, so, we didn’t need to any(prenominal) work of way-finding. We went to zoo directly except one pit -stop for fuel. It took us 50 proceeding to get there and we were at zoo at 10:30.The problem when we reached zoo was that we could not find a pose space easily. Since we visited there on Saturday which was not only normal public but also eve of Hari Raya, there were so legion(predicate) visitors’ cars. We have had to park our car six streets away from entrance. The product of this activity is that, we really reached the zoo. Work Practice 3 (Arriving at the zoo and doing the visit) We took some photos at the entrance and then bought tickets and entered zoo. The ticket toll for Malaysian is 20RM and for foreigner is 30RM. We first went to visit the â€Å"hornbill center” where they keep legion(predicate) hornbill species, monkeys and hippopotamus.Then, we visited the â€Å"bee museum”. Bee museum is a Kiosk selling honey and other bee related items. It also features displays of all the structured honey industry activities from bee breeding to honey extracting. Then, we went on to see the Indian cows and the bears’ complex. Then, we took the savannah Walk and saw a variety of African animals like dark antelopes, Scimatar oryx, giraffes, ostriches, zebras, and white rhinoceroses. At the end of savanna Walk road, we sat down at train stop 5 to give a rest to our legs and to comprise some interviews .We firstly interviewed â€Å"Anonymous1” from KL who was there with his family. Khidhir conducted the interview in Malay Language. We then interviewed â€Å"Anonymous2” who also lives in KL and he was there with his friends. We will hold open the main points of those interviews in â€Å" misgiving and practice” format to save word count and to evacuate repetition. brain: With whom you came here straightaway and how many peop le are there with you? Is there any particular reason to come here? Anonymous1: I am visiting here with my family and there are total of 4 people with me, my wife and my two kids and myself. We are just having our week-end day out.Anonymous2: I am here with my friends and there are total of 5 people in my group. We have not been here for precise long time, so we just wanted to see the changes intimate the zoo. Question: How did you come here? Was there any problem getting here like position problem? Anonymous 1: I drove here and th ere was not any particular problem to get here. We arrived here really early and so, we could manage to find a parking space easily. Anonymous 2: We came here with LRT and taxi. We reached Wangsa Maju station and we took taxi to get here. This place is easily accessible and there was no problem to get here.Question: Any comments about the animals in zoo? Anonymous1: Quite a lot of varieties of animals are unplowed in this zoo and the animals seem happy. Anonymous2: We have been manner of walking round the zoo for only 2 hours and we have been to almost all the places interior the zoo. There are not much interesting animal in here except penguins. I have not seen penguins before. Question: How do you think of animal examine available in this zoo? Anonymous1: The animal show at 11 am was quiet good, they spoke in Malay, so my kids could understand very well, and they really enjoyed it. Anonymous2: We arrived here at around 11 am.So we attentionless the morning show. But we reall y are not into seeing the animal show as there will be a lot of people at the show. Question: Any comments about staffs? Anonymous1: I didn’t see much of staffs. Only staffs I saw were at the entrances of zoo and aquarium world, and the staffs conducting the animal show. I th ink the number of staff is inadequate compare to the size of zoo because the animal cages are dirty and walkways are full of dry leaves and did not see anyone cleaning them. Anonymous2: I have secret code special to say about staffs from here. I rarely see the m inside(a) the zoo.Question: How do you think of food shops and souvenir shops inside zoo? Anonymous1: As things inside the zoo are very expensive and I did not buy anything. Moreover, there is only one restaurant to have lunch or breakfast. Anonymous2: We were just discussing to go and have lunch. There are sooner a lot of snack shops, but there is only one restaurant for lunch. I think there should be more restaurants, so that, visitors can ch oose their favorite meal. And drinks here at the snack shops are slightly expensive than outside. Question: Transportation inside zoo? Did you use it?Anonymous1: We preferred to walk to get side by side(predicate) look at the animals. Anonymous2: We planned to encumbrance here until evening, so we are not in hurry. We decided to walk around the zoo. Question: How do you describe your general experience at zoo? Things you like most? Things you like least? Anonymous1: We are having a fun time; especially for my children. It has been a good day out so far. What we liked most is Savannah Walk, which is like a small transformation of African landscape with the animals roaming superfluously, especially giraffes. Anonymous2: There is zilch much for adults to do in zoo.For sure, this is not one of our best days out. The good point inside the zoo is the tall, shady trees which provide shade for vacuous troll. Things I do not like here are that, animals are kept in very dirty environme nt. The castigate thing is aquarium where you cannot even see the fish clearly because of the dirty water and grubby mirrors. Question: What should be done to improve the overall quality of zoo? Anonymous1: More staffs should be stationed inside the zoo, to p rovide information and interact with visitors. And they should also prioritise the cleanliness of zoo.Anonymous2: There are so many rooms to improve in this zoo. Zoo affairs are available for 2RM, which should be given free to every visitor. The signages ar e not around every corner, and even when you see them, they are not quite an clear in their pointing direction. With no free map, and no clear signage, I am pretty sure that, visitors will get lost quite often. Moreover, there are no staffs to be seen inside the zoo to ask information or to ask direction. Another important thing there is that they should focus more on the cleanliness of environment. over inside the zoo is stinking.The toilets are very dirty. Question: Do you plan to visit the zoo again or would you press this to your friends? Any tips to organize a good day out to zoo? Anonymous1: My kids would like to come back here, so we might be coming again like 2, 3 months later. I would definitely remember this place for a family day out fo r those with small kids. I would advise anyone to bring along their own food and drinks as things inside are twice the price outside. Anonymous2: No, we are not coming back here anytime in the future. And we will never recommend a friend to visit here.As a tip, don’t come here. Even when they come, come here early, to avoid extremely hot temperature inside zoo and to avoid heavy crowd. After the two interviews, we continued our visit inside the zoo. We went to mammal kingdom and then went on to see the tigers and lions. After that lion place, we went inside the reptile house and worn-out(a) around thirty minutes inside. Then, we went inside bird house where so many species of birds are kept insi de different compartments. We then sat bough some insentient drink and sat down under the shade for about 15 minutes.Then, we went to see the aquarium world which is very muted and boring place. Fishes inside are nothing much interesting. Then we watched the animal show for a musical composition because there were so many people and we could not see or hear the show very well from our place. We then went to penguin house and we have completed visiting the whole zoo. We made our way out from entrance B and found out that it was not far from the street where we parked our car. The products of this activity are that, we could enjoy the zoo, we could manage to finish the interviews and we got data for ethnography.Work Practice 4 (Return and getting home) We left zoo at around 3:50 pm and we drove to Damansara Burger King to have a late lunch. Damansara Burger king was 25 km far from zoo and it took us around 30 minutes to get there. Then, we have had lunch until around 4:50 and then we left for Nottingham University. It took us around 30 minutes to reach school and the distance was around 30 km. Once we reached Nottingham, we parted our ways to our houses. The products of this activity are having lunch, and getting back home. Work Practice 5 (After Visit)When reach our houses, we rested for some time. At night, we copied the pictures from camera memories cards to PCs. And we all started writing the report to submit. The products are the saved pictures and the report. Part 6 The Requirements Problem During our trip, we had a hard time navigating the zoo as we did not bring a map and also there were occasions that we had to use some of the facilities that were not well maintained. Another problem while doing the trip was that we may have missed some of the attractions because we did not have a map in the first place.We decided we need a system to be keeping track of what we had seen, what attractions we may have missed, and because there were not many staff membe rs seen inside the zoo to maintain the facilities, which places to avoid. It should also update the group about any show times inside the zoo and keep a watch skilful to check how long we were visiting some of the attractions. As a task computer programming system, it should be able to display some main attractions that we should see within the zoo itself, although the place itself is sm all, and not just simply walk around and attempt to understand what every animal is or does.Any group would definitely get bored walking under the hot sunbathe only to see that the animals are dormancy during the mid-day. It should also be able to material body and notify the user or users of any events or shows that are going to start. That way, the group could plan on which places to visit in the zoo before walking back to see the animal show. This will also prevent the group from rushing around as the zoo has some very odd placement of some of the facilities, including toilets. Besides that, it hould have a mapping system so that it will display the locations of all the main attractions, the bus stops, resting spots and the toilets within the zoo as it was difficult to find a sign with the entire map of the zoo easily and therefore avoid wasting time going rounds inside the zoo. Other than that, because there were many places that had the same attractions, which eventually made one of our group members bored, the ta sk scheduling system should also have a notepad for any individual in the group to write their own comments about the zoo.This is to avoid having to see the same attraction under the very hot sun the next time he visits the zoo. Lastly, for any group members who were not familiar with the animals and find the description beside the animal cages obnubilate them even further, there should be a translator or encyclopedia to make it more understandable. It will also help other tourists who were busy looking for directions from us as they could not read some of the signs.\r\n'

'Pro and Contra Student Work\r'

' assimilator WORK STUDY AND PRO- channel BY MOHAMMAD ZAKARIA CHE ZAKWAN UKM: Although PTPTN loans or scholarships have been awarded, but so the worth increases and cost of living are higher(prenominal) indeed inadequate. Therefore, they began looking at ship canal to overcome the financial difficulties experienced by them. According to the fourth edition of the domiciliate dictionary, the word â€Å"Temporary Works” factor lick through while dominion contrive or other tied(p) give. For a student, their main task is to gyp and focus their attention on academician aspects, while overworking underemployed at leisure intended to supplement hammock money or looking for work experience.If seen from the positive side, working temporary as to train students to become independent. Desire to work comes from themselves masing. Bagi some students they do not emergency to burden their parents with problems faced by them. then they take their own initiative to work irregu lar in order to flinch the financial burden of their parents. In addition, part-time work can increase taxation or give incomekepadenosine deaminase students. With the availability of this income from part-time work, to some extent they are satisfactory to buy all(prenominal) the equipment needed or whether an item needs to meet themselves.Worked part-time for those who hold student status is indeed a big contend. Both in terms of time or energy. sentence constraints for a student is a challenge indeed. They need to complete assignments given by lecturers and review the lecture notes given in preparation for the final test of the semester and at the same time they have to work part-time to cover their living costs. Furthermore, the accept work is also very tiring. Family bread and butter far from their need to do it all alone. Starting from toiletries, food, drink and everything should be done independently.However, every single thing that we do indeed have its own pros and contrast and need our wisdom in purpose a solution. MAHASISWA KERJA SAMBIL BELAJAR DAN PRO-KONTRANYA OLEH MOHAMMAD ZAKWAN CHE ZAKARIA UKM : Walaupun pinjaman PTPTN atau biasiswa telah diberikan namun begitu dengan kenaikan harga barang dan kos sara hidup yang semakin tinggi sememangnya masih tidak mencukupi. Oleh sebab itu, mereka mula mencari jalan penyelesaian bagi mengatasi masalah kewangan yang dialami oleh mereka.Menurut kamus dewan edisi keempat, perkataan â€Å"Kerja Sambilan” membawa maksud kerja yang dibuat disamping kerja biasa atau kerja tetap yang lain. Bagi seorang pelajar, tugas utama mereka ialah belajar dan menumpukan perhatian mereka terhadap aspek akademik, manakala bekerja sambilan pada waktu lapang bertujuan untuk menambah duit saku ataupun mencari pengalaman kerja. Jika dilihat dari sudut positif, bekerja sambilan dapat melatih mahasiswa untuk berdikari. Keinginan untuk bekerja itu datang daripada diri masing-masing.Bagi sesetengah pelajar mereka tidak m ahu membebankan ibu bapa mereka dengan masalah yang dialami oleh mereka. Justeru itu mereka mengambil inisiatif sendiri dengan bekerja sambilan bagi mengurangkan beban kewangan ibu bapa mereka. Selain itu juga, bekerja sambilan dapat menambahkan pendapatan atau memberi incomekepada para pelajar. Dengan adanya pendapatan daripada kerja sambilan ini, sedikit sebanyak mereka dapat membeli segala peralatan yang diperlukan sama ada barangan keperluan ataupun untuk memenuhi kehendak diri mereka sendiri.Bekerja sambilan bagi golongan yang memegang status pelajar sememangnya merupakan satu cabaran yang besar. Baik dari segi masa mahupun tenaga. Kekangan masa bagi seorang pelajar sememangnya merupakan sesuatu yang mencabar. Mereka perlu menyiapkan tugasan yang telah diberikan oleh pensyarah serta mengulangkaji nota-nota kuliah yang diberikan sebagai persediaan untuk menghadapi ujian akhir semester dan dalam masa yang sama mereka perlu bekerja sambilan bagi menampung kos sara hidup mereka Tam bahan pula, kerja sambil belajar juga amat memenatkan.Kehidupan yang jauh daripada keluarga memerlukan mereka melakukan semuanya secara sendirian. Bermula daripada kelengkapan diri , makan, minum dan semuanya perlu dilakukan secara berdikari. Walaubagaimanapun, setiap perkara yang kita lakukan sememangnya mempunyai pro dan kontranya yang tersendiri dan memerlukan kebijaksanaan kita dalam mencari jalan penyelesaiannya.\r\n'