Thomas Malthus Theory of population - 808 Words

Essay Question 2 – Human Resources Thomas Malthus: Theory of population Malthus stated that, the populations’, of the world would increase in geometric proportions while the food resources available for them would increase only in arithmetic proportions. In simple words, if human population was allowed to increase in an uncontrolled way, then the number of people would increase at a faster rate than the food supply. A point would come when human populations of the world reach the limit up to which food sources could support it. Any further increase would lead to population crash caused by natural phenomena like famine or disease. According to him, human society could never be perfected. He believed that man is a lazy animal, who†¦show more content†¦most of these gains are due to the technological advances made through the green revolution, recently through there has been concern in some sectors that the green revolution has lost its edge and is no longer able to ensure that production levels keep pace with population growth .however, thi s view does not take into account that current yields are not at best practice levels. The Water ,the real water problem ,hydrologist say ,is not the quantity but the way it is distributed ,the water like ,most other resources is product of human labor and ingenuity .people create usable water and there are large opportunities to discover and utilize new sources. It has been shown that the neo-Malthusian perspective is seriously flawed on many levels. Mohammed Hamam 760325-8356 References The World Economy sixthShow MoreRelatedOpositions to Thomas Malthus Theory on Population Growth 694 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Malthus was an early 19th century English scholar who specializes in political economy and demographics. One of his most well-known and influential works ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population argued that the increase in population growth would ultimately create social and economic problems for a nation. On the contrary, many famous political economists such as Ester Boserup and Julian Simon suggested different views about population and resource growth; which contradicts the Malthus’ theoryRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Public Health Revolution1697 Words   |  7 Pages Since our origin, worldwide human population has steadily been on the rise. We humans emerged as a species about 200,000 years ago. In geological time, that is really incredibly recent. Just 10,000 years ago, there were one million of us. By 1800, just over 2 00 years ago, there were 1 billion of us. By 1960, 50 years ago, there were 3 billion of us. There are now over 7 billion of us. By 2050, your children, or your children s children, will be living on a planet with at least 9 billion otherRead MoreDarwins Theory of Evolution Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesopposite happens when rock is eroded or decayed from weather or conditions of the area. He called this destruction and renewal the â€Å"great geological cycle,† and then realized that it had been happening for many years. Another one of Hutton’s theories was the Theory of Uniformitarianism. That was the idea that geological forces still at works today, were not that noticeable to people but they have a great affect on us, meaning that those forces still work the same as they did in the past. He died MarchRead MoreThe Principle Of Population By Thomas Malthus1471 Words   |  6 PagesPOLS1301 Essay One Thomas Malthus 1798 An Essay on the Principle of Population, Chapter 1 Thomas Malthus was an English philosopher who lived from 1766 to 1834, An Essay on the Principle of Population, is one of the most influential pieces of writing in history. Not only did it help to establish the modern field of economics, it aided Charles Darwin on his regarding evolutionary science. Malthus’ core argument that runs a majority of the book is dedicated to the ‘Iron Law of Population’. This essay willRead MoreReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus969 Words   |  4 PagesReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus (b. February 13 or 14, 1766; d. December, 1834) Overview Reverend Thomas, Robert Malthus was a political/classical economist born in the late 1760’s. He studied at several different schools in the areas of mathematics, literature, and arts. Malthus was married in the early 1800’s and had three children. Malthus is most famous for his theories on population growth and how he proposed we go about controlling it. He later died in the 1830’s at the age of 68. ChildhoodRead MoreEssay Malthuss Theory951 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture? In 1798, what seemed like a monumental amount of people is now nothing compared to the population of the world today; a trend which will continue just like the growth of Earth’s population. However, with all things, it seems, there is a breaking point. Malthus was quite certain that this breaking point would be felt in our world’s food supply by now, but he was wrong. Although Malthus’s theory may not have been entirely correct, there may be more truth then we realize or would wish to seeRead MoreEssay on Thomas Malthus and the Principle of Population1503 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction This essay deals with Thomas Malthus and the first two chapters of his â€Å"Essay on the Principle of Population†. At first I will provide a short biographical note on Malthus and I will also mention his main achievements. Then, a summary of Malthus main ideas of the first two chapters of mentioned work follows. Afterward, the essay concludes with a personal note. 2. A short biography Thomas Robert Malthus was born in 1766 (course textbook, n. d.) in Surrey, England, as the sixthRead More overpopulation a problem? Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today it’s estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulation will bring the extinction of theRead MoreOverpopulation a Problem?1464 Words   |  6 Pages This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today its estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulation will bring the extinction ofRead MoreThomas Robert Malthus Essays565 Words   |  3 PagesMalthus Thomas Robert Malthus was a well-known economist as well as a clergyman. He was born on February 13th, 1766, in Surrey, England, and was the sixth of seven children. Malthus attended Cambridge in 1784 and graduated four years later with honors in mathematics. In 1789, Malthus became a deacon in the Church of England and curate of Okewood Chapel in Surrey. In 1798, he anonymously published his renowned work An Essay on the Principle of Population as it affects the Future Improvement

Music History Influences From Different Cultures Gave...

Jessica Seepersad Music 100 Dr. Manns December 9, 2016 Final Paper Throughout music history, influences from different cultures gave the basis of how music is written, played or performed. In the two fieldworks, I conducted at Brooklyn Museum and Brooklyn College convey the idea that music no matter where it is performed can reach others and tell stories. Whether the music is new or old, all music has a beginning. The two genres of music I studied were classical/romantic and Latin-pop/neo-soul. Those in the classical genre is rooted or produced in the western traditions in religious or secular music. The music scene during the classical period was in reflection to the changes happening in society. It was referred to as the classical period because of their interest in, admiration for, and emulation of the classical artistic and literary heritage of Greece and Rome. In the classical era, music has western staff notation being used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches,melodies, basslines, chords, tempo, meter and rhythms f or a piece of music. During the classical time, it was classified as upscale and high standards because only rich people were able to afford to see the performers. This was the first that public concerts were important to have so that the music was received. The listener’s role they play in the society is what the music is based upon. Latin pop refers to pop music that contains sound or influence from Latin America but it can also meanShow MoreRelatedHow Hip Hop Is Affecting The Youth1540 Words   |  7 Pages24, 2015 How hip hop is affecting the youth When it comes to hip hop music and hip hop culture all together, it can have many influences on people who like the culture of hip hop. His may be from the clothes that are worn and even the lyrics a specific hip hop artist says in his or her music. But one group of people, in my opinion, that hip hop culture influences the most is the youth. Now see the youth are at the age where they look for guidance and wait for someone to tell them how things shouldRead MoreRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 PagesRagtime and Blues: The History and Their Influence on Jazz In the city of New Orleans, from parades to clubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influencedRead MoreMusic and the American Culture Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has played a vital role in human culture and evidence based on archaeological sites can date it back to prehistoric times. It can be traced through almost all civilizations in one form or another. As time has progressed so has the music and the influences it has on people. Music is an important part of popular culture throughout the world, but it is especially popular in the United States. The music industry here is, and has been, a multi-million dollar business th at continues to play anRead MoreTaylor Bryson. Music 12. Zilber. 10 May 2017. Michael Jackson.1591 Words   |  7 PagesTaylor Bryson Music 12 Zilber 10 May 2017 Michael Jackson Michael Jackson is unquestionably one of the most well-known musical artists in music history. 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A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917-Read MoreThe History of Slave Music and its Impact on Modern Music Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesof slavery is seen from written records of ancient times from all cultures and continents. Some societies viewed it as a legal institution. In the United States, slavery was inevitable even after the end of American Revolution. Slavery in united states had its origins during the English colonization of north America in 1607 but the African slaves were sold in 1560s this was due to demand for cheap labor to exploit economic opportunities. Slaves engaged in composition of music in order to preserveRead MoreAfrican American Influence On Music2019 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican American i nfluence in music has been an ever present and controversial subject in American history. Stemming from many different cultures, religions and backgrounds, large portions of American music was introduced by, and credited to African Americans. Although in many cases, this music was used for entertainment by the masses or majority, contrary to popular belief, black music served a greater purpose than just recreation. Dating all the way back to the beginning of slavery in the U.S.Read MoreAndre The Last Of The Great Humanist Architects1351 Words   |  6 PagesPalladio was â€Å"the last of the great Humanist architects† (Trachtenburg, 2002, p. 311). Since it is impossible to encompass all of Palladio’s accomplishments in one single essay, this paper will aim to give a detailed overview of Andrea’s early life, influences, greatest works, and his Palladian following. Originally born Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola in Padua, Italy, Palladio came into this world on November 30, 1508. With his father, who was a miller, he moved to Vicenza, Italy, a part of the RepublicRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 PagesThroughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives

Marketing Plan for North Queensland Employment Services

Question: Write an essay onMarketing Plan for North Queensland Employment Services. Answer: North Queensland (NQ) Employment Services is a not for profit organization which seeks to connect disabled individuals with job opportunities. The organization looks for employment opportunities for people with disabilities, trains them on the most effective ways f performing their work and ensures that they can easily adapt to the working environments at the organizations. They provide equipment and machines that can be used by the disabled individuals at their places of work to ensure that they are more efficient and effective. The organization also monitors their performance at work. They offer assistance if need be and tries to make sure that their client's areas comfortable as possible at their areas of work (Interview of NQES employees, 2016, P. 1). NQ Employment Services has in the past faced challenges that make its operations a bit difficult. It is difficult for them to get jobs for all their clients. One of the reasons why they have a difficult time doing so is because they are unable to amass a large number of employers who are willing to employ physically challenged individuals for some reasons. The organization, has, however, managed to convincing small businesses to give job opportunities to some disabled clients over the years. This is probably made possible because owners of small businesses are usually involved in the running of their organizations (Stoke Wilson, 2006, P. 220). It is, therefore, easier for NQ representatives to convince their companies on taking on their disabled clients since they are likely to have an opportunity to interact directly with the owners and get a chance to convince them. The government funds NQ ES. This means that they need to rely on the funds they receive in accomplishing all their goals and objectives. This is because government funding often requires lengthy processing and so forth (Brendan, 2012, P. 1). The company is community-based and does not, therefore, focus so much on income generation but rather on making a change and a difference in society. This is a noble course. It, however, possess a hindrance to the achievements of their objectives since they cannot engage in profit generating activities as NGOs and Community organizations do not engage in business for profit generation like other types of businesses (Lewis kanji, 2009, P. 52). They are limited to finding partnerships with worthwhile institutions and organizations which will help them achieve their objectives. In light of this factor, the organization needs a marketing plan that is likely to attract sponsorships from organizations and institutions (Caltkins, 2012, P. 17) that will contribute immensely towards making a difference in the lives of disabled individuals in the country. A limiting marketing niche possesses a challenge for NQES. As aforementioned, they are limited to relying on sponsorships in achieving their goals and objectives. The sponsorships, however, allow them to participate in causes that contribute to their exposure. For example, through their partnerships with clubs and community sporting teams, they can make their presence known to those attending the events they sponsor. It is likely that they might catch the eye of an individual who cares for their cause in the audiences attending the event. The organization, therefore, needs to find the right kinds of partnerships and sponsorships to ensure that they are exposed to the right kind of people (Terrence, 2008, P. 573). According to Johnson, Hill Mitchell, the company, also needs to invest in other channels that are not costly but which are likely to generate them the publicity they need in propagating their cause (2000, P. 267). The disabled individuals searching for employment are the pr iority of the organization and any efforts towards marketing this organization should ensure that their privacy, safety, and dignity is maintained. Marketing Objectives The foremost objective of this marketing strategy is to ensure that the organization gets the publicity it needs to reach the relevant stakeholders. It is important that the organization reaches the relevant individuals who are likely to partner with them in ensuring that people from the disabled community are placed in jobs that will help them sustain their livelihoods and that the organizations they work for support them. Secondly, The marketing strategy should assist the organization to procure funding from interested parties who might be able to offer assistance in some ways. Specifically, the organization ought to be able to reach stakeholders whose partnerships will help the disabled individuals in not only getting work but in also in being to perform their duties comfortably. For example, it would be very useful if the organization attracted the attention of a company that manufactures equipment geared towards assisting the disabled individuals at their work. This would reduce costs for NQES since most of the revenues they get from their business activity go to purchasing this equipment. Increasing the number and value of sponsorships is thus the objective of this marketing plan. The organization should have identified and partnered with at least twenty new organizations by the end of the year to facilitate increased employment opportunities for more disabled individuals. They should have also partnered with one huge organization that will help in providing the required equipment that assists the disabled individuals in undertaking their duties at work. It would also be very useful if the organization were able to get more sponsorship to ensure that they increase their cash flow. This will assist in the training of the employees, enlarge the number of NQ representatives and in streamlining other activities that are necessary to the success of the organization. Publicity is thus the major goal of the marketing plan since it will expose the organization and attract the targeted groups and organizations. Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy is meant to detail how one will bring their products and services to the market in ways that are bound to satisfy their customers (Ferrel Hartley, 2011, P. 44). For NQES, their customers are both the disabled individuals whom they seek to connect with employment and the organizations that accept to employ the physically challenged individuals that the company offers. The product is employment services while the place is the workstation where these individuals will be based. Promotion details the techniques that will be used by the organization in ensuring that the product reaches the market at the agreed price (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2010, P. 391). In this case, the price is not necessarily a numerical figure, but rather it can be the value of the services offered by the physically challenged individuals who can find work. The product that the organization is offering to the market is for disabled individuals who can work well in whatever working environment. This means that they need to put a lot of effort in ensuring the product meet the required standards that are likely to attract the target audience. To make the current product more attractive to potential clients, the organizations ensure that they train the disabled individuals to ensure that they are efficient and effective in their places of work. They train them on how to use various equipment which is geared towards ensuring that they perform their duties effectively. Training the physically challenged individuals before they start working, therefore, ensures that the product meets quality standards that will satisfy their clients. The representatives of NQES often check on the employees that are taken by organizations to ensure that the quality of work is continuously maintained. To ensure that the organizations product is of top notch qual ity, partnerships with relevant stakeholders are necessary. If the organization can partner with an organization that will provide the physically challenged with the relevant equipment, they will be able to ensure that there is a constant supply of quality products since the material needed for training is readily available. The price of the product is usually the exchange value of a commodity the organization is offering (Ramaswamy, 2009, P. 113). In this case, the quality of the services offered by the physically challenged individuals that NQES places in organizations as aforementioned. This is tied to the product as discussed such that activities that are meant to make the workers more efficient will ensure that they can produce more quality work thereby ensuring that the price is fair to the buyers of the product, that is, the placement companies. Regarding place, the product is sought for by the organization. The ideal candidates are trained and placed with the relevant organizations and businesses that require their services. The organization will strive to ensure that they get more placements for a larger group of physically challenged people. They will also seek to identify a more significant number of ideal candidates and train them. This will ensure that candidates are available for placement if opportunities arise. Promotion is the most important aspect of the marketing mix that will be adopted by the organization (Kotler, Burton, and Deans, 2015, P.435). This is because it will determine whether or not the product is of high quality. This is possible by attracting the relevant partners who will assist NQES in making this possible. It will consequently determine the price of the product. If an employee can do quality work, they are more likely to attract a high salary and meet their obligations by working efficiently and effectively. In the past, NQES maintained face to face marketing, sponsorships by partnering with sporting teams and used media such as cinemas to promote their product. A more aggressive plan is needed in ensuring that they can reach more people and promote their product effectively. The use of social media for marketing has increased to a large extent in recent times. Social media has become popular due to the increasing globalization of the world which allows different people to connect easily via the internet. Organizations can thus take advantage of social media in marketing their product and reaching their target group (TCF, 2016, P. 1). Action plan and Budget It is important to have an action plan and a budget in order to facilitate implementation of a marketing plan (Hvaldar, 2010, P. 372). NQES can take advantage of this wave in the increase of social media users in reaching this high number of users spread throughout the world. This way, they are likely to reach parties that might be interested in partnering with them in order to ensure that the disable individuals in the country find meaningful employment. The first step thy will need to take is hiring employees whose main work will be dealing entirely with the social sites. This will ensure that their Facebook page is regularly updated. Remaining active is likely to attract the attention of targeted stakeholders (Clover, 2013, P. 1). They should also create accounts n other social media sites such as Tweeter and Instagran which are popular among millions of people worldwide. (table showing popular social media sites and te number of their users . Data obtained from (Chaffey, 2016, P. 1) Starting an online campaign on these three most popular websites will propel them towards achieving their goals and objectives within the specified timelines. They could also partner with an online forum with millions of followers such as Humans of New York. This will ensure that their campaign is more successful since they will be taking advantage of the existing fan base of such a site. The budget of such a plan will be very minimal keeping in mind that the organization currently receives funding from only the government which is barely enough to cover for their activities. Evaluation and Monitoring Plan The organization will keep track of the implementation of the planned activities. They will document data on the steps taken by the organization in increasing its publicity periodically. They will also monitor their social media pages to monitor the number of people following them and who are active in their discussions. Overall, the effectiveness of the plan will be monitored by considering the number of sponsorships and partnerships gained by the organization. Chart to Monitor Plan Number of Active followers on Social media Number of sponsorships Number of Useful partnerships First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter TOTALS References Brendan, S. (1st May 2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Grants. Polaris grant central. Retrieved fromChaffey, D. (21st April 2016). Global Social Media Research Summary 2016.Smart Insights. Retrieved fromstrategy/new-global-social-media-research/Calkins, T. (2012).Breakthrough Marketing Plans: How to stop wasting Time and Start Driving Growth.. NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing.Clover, J. How to Use social Media fgor Stakeholder engagement.Cloud collaboration. Retrieved from https://cloud-collaboration.kahootz.com/how-to-use-social-media-for-stakeholder-engagementFerrel, O. C., Hartline, M. D. (2011).Marketing strategy. Mason, OH: South-Western CENGAGE Learning. Havalder, A. ( 2010). Business Marketing: Texts and cases. NY, USA: McGraw Hill Publishing.Johnson, Y. Hill, S., Mitchell, J. (2000).Small Business Sourcebook. London, UK: gale Research Company.Lewis, D. Kanji, N. (2009). Non-Governmental Organizations and Development.Ny, USA: Routledge Publishing.Perrin, A. (8th October 2015). Social Media Usage: 2005-2015. Pew research Centre. Retrieved fromhttps://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/social-networking-usage-2005-2015/Interviews of the Company CEO and COO.(2015). Videos. Kohler, P. , Burton, S. Deans, K. (2015). Marketing. MA, USA: Cengage Learning. Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., McDaniel, C. D. (2011).MKTG4: Student edition. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Ramaswamy, V. S., Namakumari, S. (2009). Marketing management: Global perspective, Indian context. Delhi: Macmillan. Shimp, T. A., Shimp, T. A. (2007).Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Stokes, D., Wilson, N., Stokes, D. (2006).Small business management and entrepreneurship. London: Thomson Learning. The Content factory (TCF).Sixteen Reasons why your Business needs Social Media Marketing. Retrieved from https://www.contentfac.com/9-reasons-social-media-marketing-should-top-your-to-do-list/

Importance of Organizational Culture

Question: The purpose and function of culture in the healthcare organization is to help create and maintain integration, bring employees from all levels of the organization closer together, and to enhance performance and productivity. Basically, organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is made up of the assumptions, values and norms of organization members, and their behaviours.In this essay: Demonstrate an understanding of organisational culture as to relate to Singapore healthcare system. Answer: Introduction Organizational culture in its most simple explanation is the collaborative effect and sharing of values, beliefs, assumptions and behaviours within one organization to positively provide the effective functionality of any organization. Organization culture is surely a new concept but its existence and roots exist since traditional times (Schein, 2010). In ancient times, organizational culture was not so important factor in business as well as functionality. However, modern era considers organizational culture as one of the most important factors that determines the overall success of any organization (Alvesson, 2012). In this essay, learner focuses on understanding the organizational culture in one famous healthcare organization belonging to the Singapore Healthcare system. The Singapore Healthcare System is ranked one among the best healthcare systems of this globe (News Articles, Parkway Cancer Centre Singapore, 2016). Overview of the healthcare organization in Singapore Context The selected healthcare organization for study in this essay is Gleneagles Hospital and Medical Centre that was established in 1957, which became functional on 8 June 1959 in Singapore as the hospital providing medical services. The hospital functions in the private sector as healthcare providing organization with more than 25 speciality healthcare services including ophthalmology, Paediatrics, Urology, Tropical medicine, Psychiatry, Transplantation etc. (On Your Side, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 2016). Singapore healthcare system is mainly under government control where private sector healthcare organization provided services to people having private insurance or people who prefer better treatment facilities of the private organization. The Gleneagles Hospital is considered to be a prime choice of people in Singapore ensuring best treatment services. With exceptional 24x7 emergency and outpatient unit as well as one place for all kind of treatments make this organization the first preference of people in Singapore. Gleneagles Hospital has been awarded many times for its effective healthcare services in Singapore healthcare context involving National Training Award 2000, Superbrands Status 2005, and Singapore Quality Class award 2000 (News Events, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 2016). As a healthcare service provider from more than seven decades in Singapore healthcare context, Gleneagles Hospital assures best healthcare facilities and develops a valuable trust in people conscious for its overall performance. This essay will analyse the organizational culture of this successful healthcare organization in Singapore healthcare context (News Articles, Parkway Cancer Centre Singapore, 2016). The concept of organizational culture The culture is not a material or any figure, yet it structures the overall personality of any organization. The word culture is derived from Latin word cultus meaning care. Hence, organizational culture can be defined as care of organization environment including the external and internal influential factors with beliefs, practices, behaviour and values to establish the personality of the organization (Saunders et al. 2010). According to Speroff et al. (2010), organizational culture is made up of four layers that are values, beliefs, behaviours and paradigm of assumptions. Further, Acar Acar (2012) indicated that organizational culture concept works to explore the basic elements of organization to perform analysis of its values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours involved in functionality. Dodek, Cahill Heyland (2010) studied the different concepts of healthcare organizational culture that consider culture as the building block in the design of organization, culture is the outcome of collaborative and symbolic administration, culture as a paradigmatic concept and as analyzing instrument. Azam et al. (2012) indicated that as the healthcare business depends only on service delivery with no product delivery option, every healthcare organization depends on its organizational culture and quality strategy to maintain its functionality as well as offer beneficial care services. The human workforce is the machinery of healthcare organizations. The Gleneagles Hospital organizational culture is unique in itself where culture establishment and culture transformation are two basic concepts of organizational culture. The concept of establishing culture depends on the quality care process that involves the establishment of standards, service delivery and monitoring process. This concept is detailed in structure below: - Figure 1: The quality care concept at Gleneagles Hospital (Source: Azam et al. 2012, p.400) At Gleneagles Hospital, the standards provided by Ministry of Health, Singapore are followed to perform in healthcare context that assures effective service delivery. Any kind of gaps or defects in service delivery is detected by monitoring process, which is further modified as per culture transformation process. This is the basic concept of organizational culture at this healthcare organization (On Your Side, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 2016). Speroff et al. (2010) studied the dimensions of organizational culture at Gleneagles Hospital that involves customer or patient orientation, team orientation, growth orientation, outcome orientation, risk management and paradigm attention as main focusing components of organizational culture. Further, Acar Acar (2012) provided an explanation on the culture transformation concept at Gleneagles Hospital that depends on the outcomes of monitoring, where changes are made in factors that harm organizational culture with an innovative and continuous approach. The culture of this hospital gets a complete administration support for its functionality. The various sections of culture transformation at Gleneagles Hospital are described below: - Figure 2: Concept of organizational culture transformation at Gleneagles Hospital (Source: Speroff et al. 2010, p. 595) In the study of Speroff et al. (2010) it way mentioned that there are three perspectives of organizational culture that are Rationalism, Symbolism and Functionalism. The rationalism perspective frames organizational culture to achieve goals of organization, symbolism perspective considers symbols and social patterns as culture whereas functionalism consider culture as collaboration of values and assumptions to perform functions. Azam et al. (2012) indicated that at Gleneagles Hospital the perspective of functionalism is followed where culture is formed by shared values and regular assumption development for functionality with internal integration and external adaptation. Acar Acar (2012) used Cultural-Web model to represent the regular paradigm or taken for assumptions in the organizational culture of Gleneagles Hospital. The detail of each paradigm is described in below provided model structure. Figure 3: The Culture-Web model representing paradigm in organizational culture of Gleneagles Hospital (Source: Acar Acar, 2012, p.690) Discussing the function of Organisational Culture The functions of organizational culture in context to Singapore healthcare system in Gleneagles Hospital are described below: - To provide sense of direction and mission Mission and direction are basic requirements to function effectively in the healthcare business. This provides value to achieve expected performance and organizational culture functions for the achievement of mission and direction in the organization (Saunders et al. 2010). To provide sense of identity for professionals The organizational culture function as the sense of identity to the professionals working in healthcare organization by providing them with different levels of functionality. This enhances the professional or employee commitment towards its organization as well as helps them to clearly understand their roles and responsibility (Schein, 2010). To provide right of interruption The organizational culture allows every employee to interpret the meaning behind any organization activity also providing them right to put forward their viewpoint for the betterment of organization. This function of organizational culture has dual benefit where employee and the organization are benefited together (Driskill Brenton, 2010). Function of control mechanism As one of the paradigms of organization culture, that is control mechanism where different aspects or processes of organization work as a control mechanism to minimise the error occurring in the organization (Schein, 2010). Dodek, Cahill Heyland (2010) studied that medication error, treatment confusion are generally occurring errors in healthcare scenario. The regular electronic record making organizational culture process allows control over these errors. Enhancing value of organization This is an external function where a good organizational culture function to enhance the value of organization outside the working zone (Driskill Brenton, 2010). To provide scenario for interaction and communication Effective organizational cultures in healthcare system allow proper interaction and communication in the workplace. If the organizational culture is mismanaged the communication and interaction get disrupted leading to issues and problem in functionality. In healthcare scenario, effective communication between care provider and care user is an essential phenomenon, therefore, effective organizational culture is required for fulfilment of this purpose (Schein, 2010). To construct mobilised and professional workforce for patient satisfaction Dodek, Cahill Heyland (2010) indicated that provides platform for developing professional services, patient safety processes, building trust in patients, mobilising workforce, strong leadership establishment and effective administration in the healthcare organization. To develop and promote values in regular functionality Any organization cannot simply develop values and implement them from top to bottom of the organization level. This can lead to the development of resistance and turnover. But, developing trust as a major element of organizational culture can help in the effective promotion of developed values. At Gleneagles Hospital it was observed that higher management in 2005, implemented an activity of providing staff feedback on a regular basis, which was positively accepted by the employees as a strategy to positively improve their own professional drawbacks (Schein, 2010). Analysing the internal and external factors that affect the creation and perpetuation of organizational culture The internal and external factors are the components that influence the organizational culture by affecting growth, performance, development and sustainability of any organization. These factors can both positively as well as negatively affect the organizational culture (Saunders et al. 2010). The internal and external factors of healthcare organization with reference to Singapore healthcare context are more or less same in all the operating healthcare organization in this country. Therefore, this section demonstrates these factors with particularly focussing on Gleneagles Hospital as study organization (Braithwaite et al. 2010). Internal factors of Healthcare organizational culture The internal factors can be defined as factors that can be controlled by the respective authorities in an organization (Driskill Brenton, 2010). These factors can be manipulated and modified to get best organizational performance. The very first internal factor that affects the organizational culture of the healthcare organization is perspective and thinking of its employees or healthcare professionals. The attitude, behaviour, mindset, view, characteristics, temperament and personality of healthcare professionals shape the organizational culture and service delivery in Gleneagles Hospital of Singapore (Alharbi et al. 2012). The second most important internal factor is the leadership style that structures the overall working of organization and provides stability to the organization. Azam et al. (2012) indicated that administration at Gleneagles hospital is highly appreciated for their most stable administration that provides a brand identity to this organization. Further, Sammer et al. (2010) studied another internal factor that affects healthcare organization culture is the organization policies, practices and structure. The healthcare organization work to provide medical services and facilities, therefore, they strictly need to follow certain laws and regulation that shape the organizational culture and provide effective functionality in healthcare scenario. According to Azam et al. (2012) the Gleneagles Hospital policies and regulations are based on the guidelines provided by Ministry of Health, Singapore that involves Personal Data Protection Act, Privacy Policy, Governing Law Jurisdiction, Indemnity etc. Speroff et al. (2010) indicated that organizational structure rules to control the effectiveness and presentation of any organization culture. Any organization having a bad structure can produce an effective personality and appearance in customer viewpoint. The organizational structure of Gleneagles Hospital in Singapore is highly systematic that provides effective organizational culture. Azam et al. (2012) studied the overall Hierarchy of Gleneagles Hospital that is represented in below diagram. Hierarchy of Gleneagles Hospital Further, Groene et al. (2010) studied other minor internal factors that affect organizational culture that includes employee reward systems, operating market, working environment, the size of organization and founder influence in healthcare scenario. External factors of Healthcare organizational culture Groene et al. (2010) indicated that external factors are the component, which cannot be controlled to manage the organizational culture and functionality. The external factors that affect organizational culture of healthcare organization are legal, economic, social and technological aspects. The social aspects are the customer and their viewpoint that can positively or negatively affect the business making approach of the organization. Further, technological aspect involves regular updating technologies that can be managed by regular monitoring and upgradation of the healthcare system. The legal factors are laws and rules that government makes to manage healthcare scenario and lastly, the economic aspects are the finances and funding of the organization. These external factors can directly as well as indirectly affect the organizational culture (Driskill Brenton, 2010). Analysing the healthcare culture, performance and the effectiveness of Values-Based Culture The value-Based culture shapes the organizational culture with principles that deeply involves values to adhere, people, while making decision and activities in the organization. In this culture, people are able to express their values through behaviour and actions whereas organization express values through working culture (Alvesson, 2012). According to Speroff et al. (2010) the values drive culture, culture drives employee fulfilment, employee satisfaction drives customer services and customer satisfaction drives shareholder values. Further, Dixon-Woods, McNicol Martin (2012) indicated that healthcare organization function is to deliver effective healthcare services there are no product selling or business making approach involved in the healthcare context. Therefore, value-based culture can surely help to develop better service performance and delivery. Groene et al. (2010) studied the Kotter and Heskett theory, which indicates that healthcare organizations having value-based culture can produce a significant margin and effectiveness while interacting with other companies. Further, Dixon-Woods, McNicol Martin (2012) indicated that according to Collins Porras core values that work that generate healthy performance in healthcare organization are integrity, people, innovation and shared prosperity. Hence, as per these viewpoints and theories, value-based culture surely enhances performance and effectiveness of healthcare organizational culture. Conclusion The study provides a clear understanding to the importance of organizational culture on the overall working and effectiveness of healthcare organization in Singapore Healthcare context. The Gleneagles Hospital was organization focussed on analysing the concept, functions, factors and effectiveness of organizational culture as well as its impact on the performance of organization in the healthcare context. The study on this specific organization indicates that Gleneagles Hospital persists an effective organizational culture that is a reason for the overall success and functionality of this healthcare company in Singapore. The value-based culture and perspective of functionalism are two major identified factors that produce an effective performance for any healthcare organization to delivery best medical services and facilities to their customers. Summary of key highlights of discussion The key highlights of this discussion are that out of various organizational culture concepts studied the quality care concept of organizational culture is the basic concept implemented in Gleneagles Hospital. Further, organization involves a functionalism perspective in its organization along with value-based culture. The functions of organizational culture are detailed in this study, where most important functions are the sense of identity, sense of direction, the right of interruption, control mechanism, and organization value. Further, the study involves an explanation of internal and external factors in the organizational culture. The key highlight in this section is the hierarchy structure of Gleneagles Hospital. Further, the importance of value-based organizational culture is another key highlight of this study indicated that value-based culture leads to effective organization performance in the healthcare context. References Books Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Driskill, G. W., Brenton, A. L. (2010).Organizational culture in action: A cultural analysis workbook. Sage. Saunders, M. N., Skinner, D., Dietz, G., Gillespie, N., Lewicki, R. J. (Eds.). (2010).Organizational trust: A cultural perspective. Cambridge University Press. Schein, E. H. 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